高速铁路典型轨道病害下轮轨力响应特性试验研究

Experimental Study on Wheel-Rail Force Response Characteristics under Typical Track Defects of High Speed Railway

借助我国铁路自主创新的基于连续测量测力轮对技术的轮轨力检测系统,对多年积累的高速铁路轮轨力检测数据进行分析,研究高速铁路轨道病害与轮轨力异常响应特征的关联关系,以及轮轨力动态特征变化规律。结果表明:钢轨表面低塌或凸起引起大幅值轮轨垂向冲击力,钢轨波磨引起连续大幅值高频轮轨垂向力,道岔结构变异引起大幅值轮轨横向冲击力,道岔区钢轨结构和刚度变化引起连续轮轨垂向力,钢轨廓形欠佳引起轮轨横向力和构架横向加速度的周期性波动。对于引起轮轨冲击力响应的轨道病害,可采用轮轨力瞬时峰值进行评价和识别,而对于引起连续大幅值轮轨力作用的轨道病害,可从能量累积角度进行评价和识别。研究结论为开展基于轮轨力动态特性的轨道状态评价方法和标准研究、科学评价高铁线路的服役状态提供技术支持。

By mean of the self-innovative wheel-rail force detection system based on continuous measurement instrumented wheelset technology in China, the wheel-rail force inspection data of high speed railway accumulated over many years were analyzed. The relationship between the abnormal response characteristics of wheel-rail force and the typical track defects of high speed railway as well as the dynamic characteristics of wheel-rail forces were studied. Results show that the depression or bulge of rail surface can lead to large wheel-rail vertical impact forces. Rail corrugation causes continuous high-frequency wheel-rail vertical forces with large amplitudes. The structural variation of turnout results in large wheel-rail lateral impact forces. The changes of rail structure and stiffness in turnout area cause continuous wheel-rail vertical forces. Poor rail profile causes the periodic fluctuations of wheel-rail lateral forces and frame lateral acceleration. The instantaneous peak value of wheel-rail force can be used to evaluate and identify track defects which cause the responses of wheel-rail impact force, while for track defects which cause continuous wheel-rail force with large amplitude, can be evaluated and identified from the angle of energy accumulation. These research works provide technical support for the research of the track state evaluation methods and standards based on the dynamic characteristics of wheel-rail force as well as for the scientific evaluation of the service status of high-speed railway lines.