美国抑制青少年儿童肥胖快速增长趋势的体育干预研究

Sports Intervention to Suppress Rapid Growth Trend of Obesity in Children and Adolescents in the United States

美国的青少年儿童肥胖率从20世纪80年代开始快速增长,但近几年增长趋势得到了有效抑制,其中2~5岁儿童与6~11岁儿童的肥胖比例均有所下降。运用文献资料调研、对比分析法,对美国多年来抑制青少年儿童肥胖快速增长的体育干预行为进行系统分析,以期为我国提供借鉴。研究结果表明:1)美国对体育干预行为抑制青少年儿童肥胖具有高度的价值认同,体育活动在抑制青少年儿童肥胖中承担了重要角色;2)美国通过出台从国家层面到地方层面的体育干预政策全面支持引导着青少年儿童的体育参与行为;3)美国通过开展大量全国范围的体育干预活动计划如“Let’s Move!”和各州各地区范围的体育干预活动如应对“高肥胖计划”,使部分高肥胖地区的青少年儿童高度肥胖现象有了明显改善;4)美国通过政府—学校—家庭—社区的联合体育干预模式有效抑制了青少年儿童肥胖率的快速增长。对我国的启示:1)注重多部门、宽层次和跨领域制定与实施体育干预肥胖政策;2)强化政府—学校(高校)—家庭与社区的联合体育干预模式;3)以多领域、跨学科的形式,提高我国青少年儿童肥胖的科学研究水平;4)加强体育与健康信息的宣传推广,营造积极健康的文化环境。

The obesity rate of children and adolescents in the United States has been increasing rapidly since the 1980s.However,in recent years,the rapid growth trend of obesity of children and adolescents in the United States has been effectively suppressed,and the obesity rate of 2-5-year-old children and 6-11-year-old children has declined.By using the methods of literature research and comparative analysis,this paper makes a systematic analysis of the sports intervention behaviors that have restrained the rapid growth of obesity among children and adolescents in the United States for many years,in order to provide reference for China.The results show that:1)The U.S.has a high value identity in the inhibition of adolescent obesity by sports intervention,and sports activities play an important role in the inhibition of adolescent obesity;2)The U.S.guides adolescent sports participation through the introduction of sports intervention policies from the national level to the local level;3)Through a large number of national sports intervention programs such as“Let’s move!”and state and region wide response to the high obesity program,the United States has significantly improved the phenomenon of high obesity among children and adolescents in some high obesity areas.4)The United States has effectively restrained the rapid growth of obesity rate of children and adolescents through the joint sports intervention mode of government,school,family and community.The enlightenment for China:1)Paying attention to the formulation and implementation of sports intervention obesity policy in multi departments,wide levels and cross fields;2)Strengthening the joint sports intervention mode of government,school(colleges and universities),family and community;3)Improving the scientific research level of adolescent obesity in multi fields and cross disciplines;4)Strengthening the publicity and promotion of sports and health information to create a positive and healthy cultural environment.