从假调解到真介入:美国对台湾当局从缅甸撤军的态度转变(1950—1953)

From Insincere Mediation to Real Intervention: Change in US Attitude to Taiwan’s Troop Withdrawal from Burma(1950-1953)

国民党集团败退台湾后,李弥在滇缅边境集结残部,成为一支孤军。缅甸政府请美国居间调解,使台湾当局下令李部撤离缅境。起初,美国国务院对台湾当局的托辞持理解和同情态度。朝鲜战争爆发后,美方对李部进行了秘密援助,这使美国的调解更显乏力、颇有敷衍成份。随着缅、英、苏、印等国给美国的压力增大,美国重新评估李部的作用及影响,且因朝鲜停战的可能性增大,美国在李部撤军上的态度开始从摇摆转向明朗。美方对李部的秘密援助消失,国务院开始以切实行动敦促台湾当局撤走李部。蒋介石对此心不甘情不愿,并一度打算以象征性撤军应付了事。美国总统亲致密函,终使蒋介石于1953年10月接受美方制订的撤退计划。

After Kuomintang’s retreat to Taiwan,Li Mi’s army remnants gathered on the Yunnan-Burma border and became an isolated force. The Burmese government wanted the United States to mediate,so that the Taiwan authorities would order Li to withdraw from Burma. At first,the U. S. State Department treated the pretexts of the Taiwan authorities with some understanding and sympathy,but with the outbreak of the Korean War,US began to provide secret assistance to Li,which rendered its mediation weaker and rather perfunctory. As the pressure increased from Burma,Britain,the Soviet Union,India and other countries,US reassessed the role and influence of Li’s troops,and as the possibility of the Korean War armistice increased,the US attitude began to shift. The US secret aid to Li came to an end,and the Department of State began to take concrete actions to urge the Taiwan authorities to withdraw Li from Burma. Chiang Kai-shek was reluctant to do so,and once intended to have a minor withdrawal in a symbolic way. The US president personally sent a secret letter to Chiang,and finally Chiang accepted the withdrawal plan in October 1953.