论北魏后期的征讨行台

Zhengtaoxingtai,Temporary Military Command in Late Northern Wei Dynasty

太和十六年(492年)孝文帝改革后,北魏除了延续前期的军事指挥制度外,又设置了征讨行台。征讨行台是北魏国家为征讨作战而由皇帝下诏设置的,属于尚书省的外设机构,该机构还设有僚佐官。北魏后期的征讨行台并不固定,临时性较强,其长官亦属兼领职,一般是由所任本官如中央职事官和地方都督诸军事、州刺史兼任。征讨行台长官职位的高低,是由所任"本官"的职位与品级高低决定的。征讨行台在应对复杂战争局面上具有明显的优越性,主要体现在国家授予征讨行台长官的军事权力上,这是对当时军事征讨制度的改进,有益于保证讨伐战争的顺利进行。

In the sixteenth year of Taihe(492) after Emperor Xiaowen’s reform,the Northern Wei Dynasty continued the previous system of military command,and besides,a temporary military command called Zhengtaoxingtai came into being. This new military command was established after the issue of the imperial edict for the purpose of military expeditions.It was a peripheral organization of Shangshusheng,a Department of State Affairs,with assisting government officials. In the late Northern Wei Dynasty,the system of Zhengtaoxingtai was not fixed but provisional,and the post of its chief official was a part-time one usually taken by an official in general charge of military affairs or by the local governor. The position level of the chief was determined by the original rank or grade of the official. The system of Zhengtaoxingtai had obvious advantages in handling complex war situation,since the chief official was granted necessary authority for military affairs. This was an improvement on the military expedition system at that time and it helped ensure that military expeditions would proceed smoothly.