抗战时期福建兵役机构与征兵工作述论

Military Service Institutions and Recruitment Work in Fujian during Anti-Japanese War

抗战期间,福建省建立了从省军管区到基层保甲的各级兵役机构。兵役管区的级制随着战争形势的变化反复改设,师、团管区的划分和管辖大体与行政区划一致,又依人口分布状况、国防交通形势、言语习俗等情况不断调整。县级兵役机构成立军事科和国民兵团,两者并立矛盾,嗣后裁科并团。最基层的保甲组织在具体执行役政事务中发挥了重要作用。福建兵役机构的演变适应了战时役政推行的需要,兵役机构实施兵役宣传、壮丁调查、体格检查、抽签定序、征集入营、优待慰问等,为保障抗战所需的兵员补充做出了重大贡献,但也存在着诸如营私舞弊、强拉壮丁、虐待壮丁等严重弊端,使福建役政陷入困境。

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the province of Fujian established military service institutions at all levels from provincial military control units to the grassroots Baojia system. The hierarchy of military service organizations changed several times with the changing war situation. The jurisdiction of divisions and regiments were basically in line with administrative districts,but were meanwhile constantly being adjusted according to population distribution,national defense traffic situation,speeches and customs. Within county-level military service institutions,military branches and local national corps were set up,which were in existence at the same time but in contradiction with each other,and subsequently the branches were incorporated into the corps. The grass-roots Baojia system played an important role in the implementation of military service affairs. The evolution of military service institutions in Fujian adapted to the requirements of wartime military service administration. They did various things,such as military service propaganda,investigation of able-bodied males subject to conscription,physical examination,recruitment,preferential treatment and condolences,and these efforts contributed to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. However,there existed some problems,such as malpractice for selfish ends and maltreatment of able-bodied men subject to conscription,which later placed Fujian’s military service affairs in a predicament.