海巴戟天果实内生菌和多酚类成分的研究进展

Advances in Studies on Endophytes and Polyphenols in Morinda citrifolia Fruits

海巴戟天(Morinda citrifolia),茜草科(Rubiaceae)巴戟天属(Morinda)植物,又名诺丽(NONI),在波利尼西亚已有长达2000年的食用和药用历史。海巴戟天果实中存在丰富的内生菌资源,自然发酵是其生产加工中的重要工艺,因此对果实内生菌和活性成分的研究具有重要意义。本文综述了海巴戟天果实中内生微生物的种类以及主要的活性成分-酚类成分的结构,主要包括蒽醌类、香豆素类、木脂素类、黄酮类、酚酸及其他酚类,归纳了海巴戟天果实具有的多种生理活性,主要包括抑菌、对肝损伤的保护、抗癌、抗氧化、对心血管保护以及增强免疫等。为研究海巴戟天果实的功能食品和药品提供一定的理论借鉴,有利于更广泛和有效地利用海巴戟天果实资源,旨在为今后更深入研究食品的自然发酵工艺提供借鉴和参考。

Morinda citrifolia(Morinda sp, Rubiaceae), also known as NONI, has a 2000-year history of use as an edible and medicinal plant in Polynesia. There are abundant endophytes in the fruit of Morinda citrifolia. Natural fermentation is an important process for its processing. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the endophytic bacteria and active components in these fruits. This paper reviews the type of endophytic microorganisms as well as the structure of the main active components-phenolics, including terpenoids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, phenolic acids and other phenolics in the fruit of Morinda citrifolia. Physiological activities of the Morinda citrifolia fruit were summarized(mainly including bacteriostasis, protection against liver damage, anti-cancer activity, anti-oxidative effect, cardiovascular protection and immunity enhancement), to provide a theoretical basis for the studies of functional foods and medicines, which is conducive to the wider and effective use of Morinda citrifolia fruit. This review also aimed to provide the reference for further research on the natural fermentation process of foods.