宰前活体评定等级与安格斯牛产肉性能的关系研究

Study on the relationship between pre-slaughter assessment and beef performance of Angus cattle

为了提升活牛与牛肉产品质量需求的对应程度,实现肉牛产业优质优价、优质优加、优质优营的高效率、规模化、规范化生产,试验选取19~21月龄安格斯阉牛55头,按宰前活体评定规则分为特级牛(试验1组)、优级牛(试验2组)、良级牛(试验3组),进行了屠宰性能、胴体性状及部位肉重等指标的测定,分析了宰前活体评定等级与安格斯牛产肉性能的关系。结果表明:试验1组宰前活重极显著高于试验2组、试验3组(P<0.01),试验2组宰前活重显著高于试验3组(P<0.05);试验3组胴体重、屠宰率极显著低于试验1组(P<0.01),显著低于试验2组(P<0.05);试验1组肉品大理石花纹等级显著高于试验3组(P<0.05)。试验3组胴体深极显著低于试验1组、试验2组(P<0.01),胴体胸深显著低于试验1组、试验2组(P<0.05),后腿长、肋部肉厚极显著低于试验1组(P<0.01)。试验1组小瓜、辣椒条部位肉重极显著高于试验2组、试验3组(P<0.01),米龙、上脑、里脊部位肉重极显著高于试验3组(P<0.01);试验1组、试验2组眼肉、外脊部位肉重极显著高于试验3组(P<0.01)。说明宰前活体评定分级能有效地区分不同等级活牛的产肉性能,提高高档、优质部位肉分割产出率,提升肉品质量等级。

The study was aimed to improve the correspondence relationship between live cattle and beef productions well as quality requirements,and realize the efficient,large-scale,and standardized beef production with high quality and favorable price,a higher level pursuit for quality,and a friendly business environment in cattle industry.In this study,55 Angus cattle 9 to 21 months old were divided into three groups,including super cattle(group 1),excellent cattle(group 2),and good cattle(group 3)according the pre-slaughter assessment.The measurement of slaughtering performance,carcass traits,and different part weight were conducted.The relationship between pre-slaughter assessment and beef performance was analyzed.The results showed that live weight of cattle in group 1 showed an extremely significant difference comparing with groups 2 and 3(P<0.01),and the group 2 showed a significant difference comparing with group 3(P<0.05).Carcass weight and slaughter rate of cattle in group 3 showed an extremely significant difference comparing group 1(P<0.01)and a significant difference comparing with group 2(P<0.05).Beef grade of cattle in group 1 showed a significant difference comparing with group 3(P<0.05),but no significant with group 2(P>0.05).Carcass depth of cattle in group 3 showed an extremely significant difference comparing with groups 1 and 2(P<0.01),and chest depth of cattle in group 3 showed a significant difference comparing with groups 1 and 2(P<0.05).An extremely significant difference was obtained in hind leg length and rib thickness between group 1 and group 3(P<0.01).Some parts of cattle in group 1,including eye round and chuck tender,showed an extremely significant difference with groups 2 and 3(P<0.01).And inside,and chuck roll,and tenderlion showed an extremely significant difference with group 3(P<0.01).Other parts of cattle in group 1 and 2,including eye flesh,and striploin showed an extremely significant difference with group 3(P<0.01).The results demonstrated that pre-slaughter assessment can effectively differentiate beef performance of cattle with different grades,which improves beef segmentation yield of high-grade and high-quality parts,and upgrades beef quality.