地方性知识视域下西沙驻岛渔民的海洋实践

Marine Practice of Fishermen in the Xisha Islands from the Perspective of Local Knowledge

渔民在南海驻岛的实践背后是对南海区域地方性知识的掌握和运用。作为南海海洋知识体系的民间航海天文、岛礁地理生态认识、海产分布和海洋动物活动规律的认知等,是渔民利用南海岛屿空间,以世代传承的技术技艺在南海谋生计、建家园的基础。南海地方性知识也是南海渔民视角的对海洋的理解、认知和想象,是长期海洋实践背景下渔民集体智慧的结晶,有其内在的逻辑、秩序和价值,对渔民以实际行动维护南部海疆的渔权海权,以及新时期南海诸岛的建设发展都有重要的价值和意义。

The practice of fishermen stationed in the South China Sea reveals their mastery and application of local knowledge about the region of the South China Sea.The knowledge system of the South China Sea composed of folk navigation astronomy,geographic and ecological knowledge of islands and reefs,marine distribution and marine animal activities is the basis for fishermen to make use of the space of the South China Sea Islands and build their homes in the South China Sea with the technology and skills inherited from generation to generation.Their local knowledge of the South China Sea is also their understanding,cognition and imagination of the South China Sea,and is the crystallization of their collective wisdom against the background of long-term marine practice,which has its inherent logic,order and value,and has important value and significance for these fishermen to safeguard their fishing rights and sea rights by practical actions as well as for the construction and development of the South China Sea Islands in the new era.