不同营养状态学龄前儿童人体成分分析

Analysis of body composition among preschool children with different nutritional status

目的了解学龄前儿童的体成分状况,分析其不同体质量状态、不同肥胖类型的变化特点。方法选择2017年1~12月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院保健科进行健康体检的842例3~5岁的学龄前儿童(男486例,女356例)纳入本研究。利用生物电阻抗人体成分分析仪测量体成分各指标(体脂百分比、肌肉量、脂肪量等),并测量身高、体质量和腰围(waist circumference, WC)。学龄前儿童按BMI分为正常、超重和肥胖3组,按BMI和腰围身高比(waist-toheight ratio, WHtR)分为非肥胖、一般性肥胖、中心性肥胖和复合型肥胖4种类型。分析学龄前儿童体质量状态和肥胖类型与体成分之间的关联。结果不同体质量状态下,正常组、超重组和肥胖组肌肉量、体脂肪、去脂体质量及体脂百分比均逐渐递增(P<0.05);不同肥胖类型下,去脂体质量、肌肉量按中心性肥胖、非肥胖、复合型肥胖、一般性肥胖递增(P<0.05);体脂肪、体脂百分比按非肥胖、中心性肥胖、一般性肥胖、复合型肥胖递增(P<0.05)。结论不同体质量状态、不同类型的肥胖其体成分构成均有差别。体成分分析是对BMI和WHtR标准的有益补充,将三者综合运用评估儿童营养状况更为准确。

Objective To understand the body composition of preschool children status, analyze the changes in body composition of different body weights and different types of obesity. Methods A total of 842 preschool children aged 3-5 years old(486 males and 356 females) in Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics for physical examinations were selected in the study. The body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) while height,weight,waist circumference were measured. Over weight and obesity were determined by BMI. According to BMI and waist height ratio, the children were divided into four groups, non-obesity, general obesity, abdominal obesity and combined obesity.The characteristics of body composition between different types of obesity or body weights were analyzed. Results The muscle mass, body fat, fat free mass and body fat percentage of the normal group, over weight group and obesity group gradually increased with the increasement of BMI. An increasing trend of fat free mass, muscle mass appeared from abdominal obesity,non-obesity, combined obesity to general obesity. An increasing trend of body fat and body fat percentage appeared from nonobesity,abdominal obesity, general obesity and combined obesity. Conclusions Different weight status and types of obesity also have different body composition, so body composition analysis is a useful supplement to BMI and waist circumference standards.It is more accurate to use the three comprehensive measures to assess the nutritional status of children.