黄淮井灌区冬小麦-夏玉米连作喷灌模式综合评价与优选研究

Comprehensive Evaluation and Optimization of Sprinkler Irrigation Modes in a Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Cropping System in Huang-Huai Well-irrigated Area

为探究黄淮井灌区冬小麦-夏玉米连作体系适宜喷灌技术模式。选取半固定式喷灌、智能化灌溉、中心支轴式喷灌机、地埋自动伸缩一体化喷灌、自驱动绞盘式喷灌等5种喷灌模式,构建基于"AHP+熵权法"组合赋权的Topsis模型,在冬小麦-夏玉米连作周期试验基础上,从经济、社会、技术、农业生态、资源等5个方面开展不同喷灌类型方案优化分析研究。地埋自动伸缩一体化喷灌节能省工效益明显,比中心支轴喷灌节能57.1%,省工效益是半固定式喷灌的4.8倍,农民欢迎程度最高。半固定式喷灌较智能化喷灌和地埋自动伸缩一体化喷灌工程投资减少了64.3%和33.3%,年维修养护费用较智能化喷灌和中心支轴喷灌机减少了73.7%和28.6%,缺点是省工效益差。中心支轴式喷灌机作物适应性最强,但是耗电量比地埋自动伸缩一体化喷灌增加300 kWh/hm^2。种植周期内,智能化喷灌节水量为1920 m^3/hm^2,较自驱动绞盘式喷灌节水26.3%,节水效果最好。省工效益、效益费用比和节水量是排在前三位的权重指标,分别为0.187、0.152和0.135。灌溉技术模式决策和实施前应优先考虑效益费用和节水程度。黄淮井灌区冬小麦-夏玉米连作体系节水喷灌模式排序为:地埋自动伸缩一体化喷灌>中心支轴式喷灌机>自驱动绞盘式喷灌>智能化喷灌(半固定式喷灌)。"AHP+熵权法"组合赋权的Topsis综合模型评价结果科学合理且符合农业生产实际情况。在当前经济和技术条件下,黄淮井灌区采用地埋自动伸缩一体化喷灌可获得最佳综合效益,建议在该区域适度推广和应用。

In order to explore the appropriate sprinkler irrigation technology mode for winter wheat and summer corn continuous cropping system in Huang-huai irrigation area,five sprinkler irrigation modes,including semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation,intelligent irrigation,central pivot sprinkler,buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler irrigation,and self-driven capstan sprinkler irrigation,were selected.The Topsis model based on AHP+entropy weight method was constructed to carry out optimization analysis and research on different irrigation schemes from five aspects,including economy,society,technology,agricultural ecology and resources,on the basis of continuous cropping cycle experiment of winter wheat and summer maize.The results show that:buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler has significant energy-and labor-saving benefits,which is 57.1%more energy saving than central support axis sprinkler irrigation,and its labor-saving benefit is 4.8 times more than semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation,and is the most welcomed for farmers;The investment of semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation project is 64.3%and 33.3%lower than that of intelligent sprinkler irrigation and buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler irrigation,and the annual maintenance cost is 73.7%and 28.6%lower than that of intelligent sprinkler irrigation and central branch axis sprinkler,and its disadvantage is the poor benefit of saving labor;The central support axis sprinkler has the strongest crop adaptability,but the power consumption is increased by 300 k Wh/hm^2 than the buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler.During the planting cycle,the water-saving amount of intelligent sprinkler irrigation is 1920 m^3/hm^2,which is the best water-saving effect compared with the self-driven capstan sprinkler irrigation,which can save 26.3%water.The economic benefit,cost-benefit ratio and water-saving amount are the top three weighted indexes,which are 0.187,0.152 and 0.135 respectively.Before the decision and implementation of irrigation technology model,benefit cost and water-saving degree should be considered first.The water-saving sprinkler mode of the continuous cropping system of winter wheat and summer corn in Huang-huai irrigation area is ranked as follows:buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler>central support axis sprinkler>self-driven cap-type sprinkler>intelligent sprinkler irrigation(semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation).It can be concluded that the evaluation results of the Topsis comprehensive model with AHP+entropy weight method are scientific and reasonable and accord with the actual situation of agricultural production.Under the current economic and technical conditions,the best comprehensive benefits can be obtained by adopting the buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler irrigation in Huang-huai well irrigation area.