清初隐逸拒征过程的激烈化及其诠释——以李颙的征召经历为例

A Stylized Rejection and Its Interpretation of the Hermit Who Refused to Be Summoned in Early Qing Dynasty——Li Yung’s Experience as An Example

康熙十八年(1679),三藩未平之际,清廷举行了博学宏词科举试,网罗众多山林隐逸,舆论称之为清廷一大盛事。文中所谈及的李颙(1627—1705)即是当时清廷的重点网罗对象之一。在其被征召期间,一场稽古右文的盛事竟演变成一场惊心动魄的威逼。通过分析威逼与受威逼者各自的原因可知,双方都在以各自的方式推动这场征召进入一个不可回旋的境地。清廷一方的施暴来源于当时平三藩的大背景影响,长期在隐逸征召中的被动局面,以及在具体执行中采取的粗暴手段。而通过对李颙一方的观察可以发现,李颙的拒荐中其实存在着一种话语模式,而这种话语模式并不孤立存在,它也体现在其他隐逸的拒荐行为中,而这种话语模式的产生实际上是受整个遗民交友圈的影响。

In the eighteenth year of Kangxi,as the rebellions(revolt)of the Three Feudatories have not been completely pacified,the Qing dynasty hold the Po-hsueh hung-tz’u examinationto get many hermits,which was regarded as a significant event by public opinion at that time..Li Yung,who was mentioned in this article is one of the key targets of the Qing government.He was striking one snag after another in this recruitment.During this period,the ceremony which considered it should be investigation and summary of ancient experience,emphasis on Cultural Education,actually as it was evolved into persecution.It can be found that both sides of the gait of their own to promote the recruitment into an impossible situation,by analyzing the causes of the perpetrators and victims.The Qing government violence,which ws rooted in the background of the suppressing the revolting of the Three Feudatories,the passive situation of long time in the recruitment of hermits,and a crude means of concrete execution.On the other hand,Li Yung rejected the official collection with various kinds of language and behavior,which is the representative of the whole hermit groups in the response to the recruitment of a discourse model.Based on the consideration of their own,this should be courteous recruitment,however,changes step by step into a ceremony of blasphemy.