腰伸肌群疲劳对上肢鞭打动作生物力学特征的影响及生理原因探析

The Biomechanical Effects of Lumbar Extensor Muscles Fatigue on Upper Limb Whiplash Movement and Its Physiological Causes

目的:探究腰伸肌群疲劳状态下,上肢鞭打动作生物力学特征的变化。方法:利用生物力学信息采集及分析手段,对16名羽毛球运动员进行腰伸肌群疲劳前、后,原地杀球动作的生物力学信息采集,并比较疲劳前、后受试者完成原地杀球动作时,运动学指标及肌电指标的变化。结果:挥拍击球阶段腰伸肌群疲劳后,鞭打侧手部峰值线速度(P<0.05)及髋、肩、肘三关节峰值角速度(P<0.05)下降;肩、髋相对角度差减小(P<0.05);左、右腹直肌(P<0.05),左、右腹内斜肌(P<0.01),左侧腹外斜肌(P<0.05),左侧背阔肌(P<0.05)的肌电RMS均值较疲劳前减小;左侧腹直肌(P<0.01)、左侧腹内斜肌(P<0.01)、左侧腹外斜肌(P<0.05)、左侧背阔肌(P<0.01)的RMS峰值下降;左、右竖脊肌的RMS均值增加(P<0.05),且右侧竖脊肌RMS峰值也增加(P<0.05)。结论:在上肢鞭打运动中,腰伸肌群疲劳会降低人体各环节在挥拍击球时产生动量矩的效率,从而对鞭打效果产生负面影响;局部肌肉疲劳引起人体躯干神经?肌肉协调控制能力改变是导致这一现象发生的根本原因;提高人体神经-肌肉协调控制能力的训练方法是未来值得探究的重要问题。

Objective To explore the changes of biomechanical features of upper limb whipping in the fatigue state of lumbar extensor.Methods The biomechanical data of 16 badminton players were col lected before and after the lumbar extensor fatigue.The kinematics indexes and electromyography index es before and after the fatigue were compared.Results After the lumbar extensor fatigue,the peak lin ear velocity of the hands on the whiplash side and the peak angular velocity of the three joints of hip,shoulder and elbow decreased significantly(P<0.05 for all),and the relative angle difference be tween the hip and shoulder decreased significantly(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the average electromyography root mean square(RMS)of the bilateral rectus abdominis and internal obliques,left external oblique and latissimus dorsi decreased after the fatigue(P<0.05 for all).However,the peak RMS of the left rectus abdominis(P<0.01),internal oblique(P<0.01),external oblique(P<0.05),and latissimus dorsi(P<0.01)decreased after the fatigue.Moreover,after the fatigue the mean RMS of left and right erec tor spine muscles increased significantly(P<0.05),and the peak RMS value of the right erector spine muscles also increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion In the upper limb whipping movement,the fatigue of the lumbar extensor muscles will reduce the efficiency of the moment of momentum generat ed by each link of the human body during the swing,thus negatively affecting the whipping effect.It is mainly due to the change in the trunk muscles neuromuscular coordination and control ability caused by local muscle fatigue.Therefore,how to improve the neuromuscular coordination and control ability of the human body is an important issue worthy of exploring in the future.