治理术

Governmentality: A Keyword in Critical Theory

治理术是福柯前期权力谱系学与后期主体伦理学研究之间重要的转渡概念。狭义上的治理术代表了政治现代性的历史进程,它源起于牧领权力,经由基督教牧领制度的整合,从国家理性开始赋形,后演变为自由主义,最终发展为当代新自由主义的治理形式。广义上的治理术提供了“分析权力关系的框架”。在此框架下,福柯发掘出牧领权力、生命权力等新权力形式,并重新解读了主权权力。就研究内容而言,治理术涵盖政治治理术和人的治理术:前者的谱系学凸显了一些独特要素,如个体性权力、治理的内在性逻辑及自由等;后者涉及伦理主体的自我治理,它是反抗现代国家个体与全体相结合的治理术的可能途径。福柯最终将治理术定义为统治他人技术与自我技术的结合。

Governmentality is an important transitional concept which combines Foucault’s power and his later study on ethical self-fashioning. In a specific sense, governmentality represents the historical course of political modernity, which originated as Hebraic pastoral power and developed into Christian pastorate before formalized itself as political governmentality forms of raison d’état, liberalism and neo-liberalism successively. In a broader sense, governmentality serves as "the analytical grid for the relations of power," employed by Foucault to uncover pastoral power and bio-power, and to shed new light on sovereign power. As to the content studied, governmentality covers both political government and governing of humans, with the former featuring individualizing power, immanent rationality and freedom, etc., and the latter ethical subject, which may help untie the "double bind" of the simultaneous individualization and totalizaiton of state government. Governmentality was finally defined as the encounter between the technologies of domination of others and those of the self.