喀纳斯泰加林火成演替群落数量分类与排序

Quantitative Classification and Sequencing of Communities in Pyrogenic Succession of Kanas Taiga

划分泰加林火成演替群落类型,定量分析其分布与环境因子和火干扰因子之间的关系,为喀纳斯泰加林群落物种多样性保护与森林可持续经营提供科学依据。以新疆喀纳斯国家自然保护区科学实验区泰加林火成演替群落为研究对象,基于369个森林群落样方及其历史火干扰发生时间和火烈度的调查,采用双向指示种分析(Two-wayindicatorspeciesanalysis,TWINSPAN)方法对科学实验区处于不同火成演替阶段的森林群落进行类型划分,并采用冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)方法通过对其森林群落和主要物种进行排序,分析群落和物种分布与环境因子和火干扰因子的关系,定量分离环境因子、火干扰因子及其二者的交互作用对森林群落分布的影响。结果表明,(1)TWINSPAN将369个森林群落调查样方划分为8种群落类型。(2)RDA较好地反映了喀纳斯泰加林火成演替群落分布与环境因子和火干扰因子之间的关系,环境因子中的海拔对火成演替群落的分布起较大的作用,其中:海拔、土壤体积含水量、土壤pH值和土壤全钾(K)、镁(Mg)含量与RDA第一排序轴存在极显著相关性(P<0.01),土壤电导率、土壤有机质和土壤铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)含量与RDA第一排序轴存在显著相关性(P<0.05),火干扰因子中的火后时间对森林群落分布也起较大的作用,火后时间与RDA第一排序轴存在显著相关性(P<0.05);坡度与RDA第二排序轴存在极显著相关性(P<0.01),坡位、土壤钙(Ca)、锰(Mn)含量与RDA第二排序轴存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。(3)因子分离显示,在影响喀纳斯泰加林火成演替群落分布的因素中,环境因子解释的部分占41.5%,火干扰因子解释的部分占3.4%,二者交互作用解释的部分占42.6%,未能解释的部分占12.5%。喀纳斯国家自然保护区科学实验区有8种火成演替森林群落类型,其分布受环境因子和火干扰因子的双重控制,并且二者的交互作用尤为突出。火干扰是新疆喀纳斯泰加林群落物种多样性保护与森林可持续经营不可或缺的重要因素。

Scientific basis for species diversity protection and sustainable forest management of Kanas taiga by classifying. The types of pyrogenic succession communities in Taiga and quantitatively analyzing the relationship between the distribution and environment factors and fire interference factors provide. Taking the taiga fire succession community in the scientific experimental area of Kanas National Nature Reserve of Xinjiang as the research object, based on the investigation of sample plot of 369 forest communities and the occurrence time and intensity of historical fire disturbance. The Two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) method was used to classify the forest communities in scientific experimental area of different successional stages in Kanas taiga. The redundancy analysis(RDA) method was used to quantitatively separate the effects of environmental factors, fire disturbance factors and its interactions on the distribution of forest communities through ranking the forest communities and major species and analyzing the interrelationship among the distribution of community, environmental factors and fire disturbance factors, quantitatively separated the effects of environmental factors, fire disturbance factors and its interactions on the distribution of forest communities. The results were as follows:(1) 369 forest quadrats were divided into 8 communities by two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN).(2) Redundancy analysis(RDA) sequencing clearly reflected the relationship between the forest community distribution and the environmental factors as well as fire disturbance. Among environmental factors, altitude played an important role in community distribution, which had extremely significant correlation with the first ranking axis of RDA(P<0.01). Besides, the volumetric water content, pH value and total K and Mg contents in soil also had extremely significant correlation with RDA axis 1 st. And the conductivity, organic matter and Fe and Cu contents in soil had significant correlation with the first ranking axis of RDA(P<0.05). Among fire disturbance, time after fire played an important role in community distribution, which was significantly correlated with RDA axis 1 st(P<0.05). While slop had extremely significant correlation with RDA axis 2 nd(P<0.01). Aspect and Ca and Mn contents in soil had significant correlation with RDA axis 2 nd(P<0.05). And(3) factors separation showed that among all factors affecting the fire succession community distribution in Kanas Taiga, the environmental factors and fire disturbance accounted for 41.5% and 3.4% respectively and the interaction of them accounted for 42.6% with remnant 12.5% could not be explained. The distribution of 8 forest communities in the scientific experimental area of Kanas National Nature Reserve is controlled by both environmental factors and fire disturbance, and the effect of the interaction between them is particularly prominent. Fire disturbance is the crucial factor for species diversity conservation and sustainable management of Kanas Taiga.