我国中小学生态教育发展对策研究

Ecological Education Development for Primary and Secondary School Students in China

中小学生是我国生态文明事业的建设者和接班人,加强中小学生生态教育至关重要。当前,我国中小学生态教育存在以下三个问题:生态教育内容缺失、生态教育师资短缺、生态教育机制不完善。对此,笔者认为在生态教育内容方面,应加快生态教育课程体系构建,在理论与实践两个层面,促进理论课程与实践课程相互配合,提升学生生态认知、培养学生生态情感、增强学生生态体验;在生态教育师资方面,通过在师范类高校开设生态教育课程、在教师资格证考试中加入生态教育内容、对在职教师进行生态教育培训三种途径,提升生态教育师资力量;在生态教育机制方面,从生态教育法律机制、管理机制、监督机制三个层面入手。法律机制层面,针对生态教育进行专项立法,各省市出台符合当地现状的具体细则。管理机制层面,从管理部门、资格认证、技术支持、资金准备四个方面进行完善。监督机制层面,形成以生态教育评估、考核、奖惩为核心的监督体系。生态教育法律机制、管理机制、监督机制共同建设,形成三机制共建,进而强有力地推进我国中小学生态教育发展,为我国生态文明建设作贡献。

Primary and secondary school students are the builders and successors of the national ecological civilization cause, so it is of vital importance to strengthen their ecological education. At present, there are three problems in their ecological education in China: the lack of ecological education content, the shortage of ecological teachers, and the imperfect ecological education mechanism. The author holds that as for the content of ecological education, we should accelerate the construction of the ecological education curriculum system,promote the integration of theoretical and practical courses, enhance students ecological cognition, enrich their ecological experience and cultivate their ecological sentiment. Ecological teaching faculty can be improved by offering ecological education courses at normal universities, including ecological education content in teacher qualification examinations and carrying out ecological education training for in-service teachers. Ecological education mechanism consists of legal mechanism, management mechanism and supervision mechanism. At the legal mechanism level, special legislation should be implemented for ecological education, and each province and city can issue specific rules in line with the local conditions. Management mechanism can be improved from four aspects: management department, qualification certification, technical support, and fund preparation. Supervision mechanism can be established with ecological education evaluation, assessment, rewards and punishment as the core. The construction of the three mechanisms promotes ecological education in primary and secondary schools to contribute to ecological civilization development in China.