济南市3～5岁低龄儿童龋相关危险因素分析

Risk factors of early childhood caries in 3-5 years old children in Jinan, Shandong

目的比较济南市3~5岁患低龄儿童龋(ECC)儿童与无龋儿童患龋的相关危险因素。方法研究对象包括606名3~5岁儿童[男性293名,女性313名,平均年龄(4.210±0.816)岁]。收集儿童的社会人口学、喂养方式、口腔健康行为等资料,记录乳牙龋、失、补指数(decayed,missing,filled teeth,dmft)。按dmft指数分成有龋组(dmft>0,n=360)和无龋组(dmft=0,n=246)。Logistic回归分析与低龄儿童龋相关的影响因素。结果延长母乳喂养时间(OR=2.454,95%CI:1.422~4.233,P=0.001)、睡前吃甜点或喝甜饮料(OR=5.721,95%CI:1.253~26.131,P=0.024)、高频率进食甜点或糖果(OR=2.057,95%CI:0.966~4.880,P=0.062),儿童乳牙患龋风险增高。结论延长母乳喂养时间、睡前吃甜点或喝饮料、高频率进食甜点或糖果是低龄儿童龋的危险因素。提倡长时间母乳喂养的同时应权衡低龄儿童龋的危害,同时控制甜食摄入的时间及摄入频率,以降低低龄儿童的患龋风险。

Objective To compare the risk factors of early childhood caries(ECC) and non-caries among children aged 3 to 5 years in Jinan. Methods A total of 606 children aged 3~5 years [293 males, 313 females, mean age:(4.210±0.816) years] were included in the study. A questionnaire was designed to collect social demographics, feeding habits and oral hygiene behaviors. Primary caries was examined and recorded by decayed, missing, filled teeth(dmft) index. The subjects were divided into two groups as caries-risk group(dmft>0,n=360) and caries-free group(dmft=0,n=246). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors related to dental caries. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of dental caries was significantly associated with long-duration breastfeeding(OR=2.454, 95%CI: 1.422-4.233, P=0.001), high frequency of bedtime dessert intake(OR=5.721, 95%CI:1.253-26.131, P=0.024), and high frequency of sweet snack intake(OR=2.057, 95%CI: 0.966-4.880, P=0.062). Conclusions Long-duration breastfeeding, high frequency sweets consumption and eating sweets before sleep-ing are important susceptibility factors of early childhood caries. While promoting long-duration breastfeeding, we should balance the harm of dental caries in children and control the time and frequency of sweet food intake in order to reduce the risk of dental caries in children.