山西大同城市园林植物资源应用调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Landscape Plants Applied in Datong City

对大同市89条交通要道、12个居住区绿地植物景观进行了实地调研,从植物种类、种植模式、应用频度、观赏特征等方面探讨园林植物在各绿地中的应用现状。结果表明:调查绿地主要应用的植物有109种、分属52科、82属,其中乔木42种,灌木26种,草本39种,藤本2种,出现频度较高的乔灌草分别为国槐、丁香、蜀葵。乔木、灌木、草本、藤本树种配比为21.0∶13.0∶19.5∶1.0,常绿乔灌木种类应用较少。4种观赏特征植物在城市绿地应用中以观花和观叶植物种类较多,占总数的72.48%。物种丰富度表现为乔木层>草本层>灌木层,物种Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数呈现乔木层>灌木层>草本层的趋势。居住区特征与植物物种多样性的RDA排序结果显示,居住区绿地景观类型对植物物种多样性影响显著,绿地面积与灌木层植物物种多样性相关关系较强,绿地景观类型对乔木层和草本层植物物种多样性相关关系较强。此外,调查样地所应用的彩叶植物还不够丰富,建议进一步增加彩叶植物种类和应用数量。

Field investigation of the landscape plants of 89 urban arterial roads and 12 residential areas in Datong city were conducted.The application status of landscape plants in each place were discussed from the aspects of plant species,planting pattern,application frequency,ornamental features and so on.The results showed that there were 52 families,82 genera and 109 species.Among them,there were 42 arbor species,26 shrub species,39 herb species and 2 vine species.The highest application frequency of arbors,shrubs and herb plants were Sophora japonica,Syringa oblata,and Althaea rosea.The proportion of arbors,shrubs,herbs and vines was 21.0∶13.0∶19.5∶1.0,while evergreen tree and shrub species were seldom used.At the same time,it was found that the flowering and leaf-viewed plants of four kinds of ornamental plants in the application of urban green space were rich,accounting for 72.48% of the total.Species richness was arbor layer>herb layer>shrub layer.Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index showed the trend of arbor layer>shrub layer>herb layer.RDA sequencing results of plant diversity and residential characteristics showed that the types of green area had significant effects on plant diversity.Green area had a greater impact on plants of shrub layer,and type of green space had a greater impact on plants of tree layer and herb layer.Furthermore,the colour plants used in the sampling plots were not abundant enough.It was suggested that the species and quantity of colour plants should be further increased.