宋初“四大书院”研究述论

Study on the “Four Great Ancient Academies” in the Early Song Dynasty

关于易引人关注的宋初"四大书院",古今书院史家尚无一致指称。由此言说出发,又有某种"四大书院"组合中某书院堪称"天下书院之首"的不同论断。邓洪波《中国书院史》一书被认为"很快会成为书院研究的里程碑",其所述宋初"四大书院"的"三书院""四书院""五书院"等说,不足以论证岳麓书院为"天下书院之首"。各时期的著名书院未必重合,诸学者的书院观也未必照搬旧说。言说"四大书院"与"天下书院之首"应明辨其语境和时空。

There is no consensus among academy historians of ancient and modern times about the "four great ancient academies"in the early Song Dynasty. From this point of view,there is a conclusion that a certain academy can be regarded as the"best-known academy in the world". Deng Hongbo’s History of Chinese Ancient Academies is considered "to be a milestone in academy research soon". According to his "three academies","four academies"and "five academies"in the "Four Great Ancient Academies"in the Early Song Dynasty mentioned in the History of Chinese Ancient Academies,it is not enough to prove that Yuelu Academy is the "Best-known Academy in the World"in the Early Song Dynasty. The names of famous academies in different periods may not coincide,and scholars’ views on academies may not copy the old ones. The discourse of the"four great ancient academies"in the Early Song Dynasty and the"best-known academy in the world"should distinguish their context,time and space.