紫禁城古建筑中的儒家文化思想考释

Confucian Cultural Thoughts in the Naming of the Buildings in the Forbidden City

紫禁城古建筑具有多样的历史文化价值,其主要表现形式之一,即为古建筑命名体现的文化思想。为探讨这种思想的本源属性,基于现场调查和文献取证相结合方法,研究了紫禁城不同古建筑的命名特征、其中蕴含的帝王家国理念,以及这些理念体现的文化思想内涵。结果表明:紫禁城古建筑命名体现了丰富的儒家文化思想,主要表现为“内圣外王”思想、“天人合一”思想、“阴阳协调”思想、“崇九”思想、“三纲五常”思想等。这些思想是古代皇帝德政、礼治和人治意愿的反映。

The ancient buildings in the Forbidden City have many important historical and cultural values,one of which is the thoughts of the naming of the buildings.To discover the internal properties of the thoughts,by means of site investigation and literature inquiry,the naming characteristic of the buildings are studied.The thoughts implied in the ideas of power and life of the emperors are also discussed.Results show that the naming of the buildings in the Forbidden City embodies plenty of thoughts of Confucian culture,such as“internal saints and external kings”,“harmony between human being and nature”,“coordination between yin and yang”,“worship of number 9”,“three cardinal guides and five constant virtues”and so on.These thoughts reflect the wishes of the emperors to manage their powers by paragons of virtue.