供给侧结构性改革背景下人力资本市场的优化分析——基于劳动力市场的三要素与三维度

An Optimization Analysis of Human Capital Market in the Context of Supply Side Reform:Based on the Three Elements and Three Dimensions of Labor Market

劳动力作为传统三要素之一的关键供给要素,成为经济增长和结构调整的重要方面。人力资本红利取代人口红利,正成为中国经济新增长点。不同于以往强调需求方的视角,将劳动力作为供给方,解读人力资本理论在供给侧结构性改革背景下的新语义,从劳动力市场的三要素、三维度的角度,具体分析了供给侧结构性改革背景下劳动力资源配置的既有不足和潜在优势:主体面临制度障碍但逐渐克服、客体总量低质但持续投入、行为管理从依托政府转向借助市场,规模上数量优势渐弱但开启技术和制度优势、质量多有担忧但快速提升、结构从畸形发展到关注优化,最后从政府、企业主和劳动者层面提出了供给侧结构性改革背景下劳动力市场优化的应对策略。

As one of the traditional three factors, i.e., the key supply factor, the labor force has become an important aspect of economic growth and structural adjustment. By replacing the demographic dividend, the human capital dividend is becoming a growth point in China’s economy. Being different from the previous perspective of emphasizing the demand side, this paper regards the labor force as the supply side to interpret the new semantics of the human capital theory in the context of supply-side reform. From the perspective of the three elements and three dimensions of labor market,it analyzes specifically the existing deficiencies and potential advantages of labor resource allocation in the context of supply-side reform: the subject is faced with institutional obstacles but is gradually overcoming them, the object amount is generally lower in quality but is continuously investing, the behavior management is shifting from relying on the government to resorting to the market, the quantitative advantage in the scale is weakening but the technical and institutional advantages are appearing, the quality in general should be worried but is rapidly improving, the structure is developing from deformed development to focusing on optimization. Finally, from the perspective of government,business owners and laborers, it proposes some coping strategies for labor market optimization in the context of supply-side structural reform.