中药性味演变及性味补泻述要

Review on the Evolution and Tonifying and Purging of Chinese Medicinals

中药五味的演变分为实体五行五味阶段、四时五行五味阶段以及四气五味阶段,其经历了以五谷为主,到食药兼顾,再到以药物为主的过程,而在五味的辨识上,经历了口尝五味阶段、五行取象五味阶段以及药类法象阶段。另外,易水学派在完成了四气与五味的整合过程后,将原本五味入五脏的理论发展成了归经理论。在性味补泻方面,《黄帝内经》认为,五谷五味通过养五脏之胃气来达到治疗五脏疾病的目的,此时五味的性用,应以五行五味的性用为主。在五脏虚实的基础上,《黄帝内经》论述了五脏传变关系,产生了建立在相生基础上的五脏性味补泻,虚以相生传,实以相克传,相胜建立在实的基础之上,本味为补,克该脏之味为泻。易水学派在五味补泻的基础上增加了四气补泻,强调了五脏的补泻主要在五味的运用上,而四气要随不同的脏气进行转换。

The evolution of five flavors can be divided into three stages:the stage of substance five phases and the five flavors,the stage of four seasons and the five phases and the five flavors and the stage of four qi and the five flavors.It has gone through the process of giving priority to grains,giving consideration to both food and medicine,and taking priority to medicine.In the identification of five flavors,it has gone through the stages of tasting five flavors,taking five flavors according to five elements and medicine methods.In addition,after the integration of four qi and five flavor,Yishui school has developed the theory of"five flavor into five zang organs"into the theory of meridian tropism.In terms of tonifying and purging of the five flavors,Huangdi's Internal Classic holds that the five grains and five flavors can cure the five viscera diseases by nourishing the stomach qi of the five viscera.At this time,the nature use of the five flavors should be based on that of the five elements and five flavors.On the basis of deficiency and excess of the five zang organs,Huangdi's Internal Classic discusses the relationship between the five internal organs and the transformation,and produces the tonifying and purging of natures and flavors of the five zang organs based on the generation.Deficiency and excess can transform each other by generating and restricting.Generating is based on excess.The original taste is tonic,and the taste of restricting the zang organ is purgative.The school of Yi Shui has added four qi tonifying and purging on the basis of five flavor tonifying and purging,and emphasized that the tonifying and purging of five zang organs was mainly in the use of five flavor,and the four qi has to change with different zang qi.