明清时期“来”构成的目的结构研究

The Purpose Constructions Consisting of Lai( Come) of Chinese in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

"来VP"和"把/将NP来VP"可表达施事的主观意愿或目的,在明清时期均已出现,但对它们的语法意义和历史演变学界的研究还很少,有待深入。本文基于大量语料的考察,根据动作发生时是否有位移、动作是否发生将两类结构的语法意义分为三类进行描写,并联系前后历史时期描写其来源与发展。主要结论是明清时期"来VP"的语法意义比"把/将NP来VP"多、"来VP"产生并主要用于南方通语、"把/将NP来VP"主要用于北方通语。文章同时辨析了"VP来""VP1来VP2"结构,指出它们都不是目的结构。

Constructions of Lai VP and Ba/Jiang NP Lai VP expressing the actor’s will and purpose,emerged in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.Studies on the grammatical meaning and historical change of the two constructions have not been satisfactory.Based on quantity data,the paper describes the grammatical meaning of the two constructions according to if actor moves when action happens and if action has happened.The paper also depicts the historical change of the two constructions.The main conclusions are:the construction of Lai VP has more grammatical meanings than the construction of Ba/Jiang Lai VP;In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,Lai VP emerged in the South Mandarin and was used in the South mandarin mainly,Ba/Jiang NP Lai VP was used in North Mandarin mainly;Lai VP emerged in the South Mandarin at first,and spread to the North Mandarin now.The paper also discusses VP Lai and VP1 Lai VP2,and does not think VP Lai and VP1 Lai VP2 are purpose constructions.