肿瘤防治咨询者吸烟相关知识的调查分析

Survey on Awareness of Smoking Related Knowledge Among Cancer-prevention Counselees

[目的]了解肿瘤防治咨询者对吸烟相关知识的知晓情况。[方法]统一培训调查员,用匿名方式对参加肿瘤防治咨询活动的人员进行控烟知识的问卷调查。[结果]439名调查对象中,男性242名,女性197名;非吸烟者377名,曾经吸烟者62名。调查对象知晓控烟知识的总知晓评分为62.43。按性别、咨询角色、受教育程度、吸烟史、家庭成员吸烟史分组统计的总知晓评分差异无统计学意义;50岁以下年龄组的总知晓分(71.88~72.88)高于50岁以上年龄组(62.36~68.68),差异有统计学意义。调查对象对12项吸烟可导致疾病问题上,知晓率高于60%的有6项,包括吸烟可导致肺癌(93.39%)、肺病(89.07%)、口腔和鼻咽部恶性肿瘤(80.41%)、喉癌(76.16%)、冠心病(73.58%)、食管癌(61.73%);知晓率低于60%的有6项,包括吸烟可导致宫颈癌(44.65%)、膀胱癌(45.79%)、胰腺癌(46.47%)、肾癌(47.15%)、肝癌(55.13%)和胃癌(56.26%)。对4项避免或减少因暴露烟草而危害健康的问题,调查对象的知晓率均低于25%,包括仅下决心未必能成功戒烟(5.69%)、低焦油、低尼古丁的烟不会减少对人体的危害(16.40%)、低焦油、低尼古丁的烟不会减少患病风险(18.00%)、电子烟不能帮助戒烟(24.15%)。[结论]控烟宣传亟需细化和精准,尤其是吸烟导致的各种疾病和有效的戒烟方法。

[Purpose]To investigate the awareness on smoking related knowledge among cancerprevention counselees.[Methods]An anonymous questionnaire survey about tobacco control knowledge was conducted by trained volunteers among the cancer-prevention counselees who were attended a public cancer prevention counseling activity in 2017.[Results]Among 439 participants,there were 242 males and 197 females;377 nonsmokers and 62 ever smokers.The average score of smoking-control knowledge was 62.43 with no significant differences between the groups by gender,relation to cancer patients,education or smoking history.Higher awareness rates were found in the age groups under 50 years(71.88~72.88)than in the age groups over 50 years(62.36~68.68)with statistical difference(P<0.05).For each tobacco control item,the awareness rate range was 5.69%to 93.39%.In 12 tobacco related diseases,there were 6 items with awareness rate over60%,including"smoking can lead to lung cancer(93.39%),lung disease(89.07%),malignant tumors in oral cavity and nasopharynx(80.41%),cancer of larynx(76.16%),coronary disease(73.58%),and esophageal cancer(61.73%)";and 6 items with awareness rate less than 60%,including"smoking can lead to stomach cancer(56.26%),liver cancer(55.13%),kidney cancer(47.15%),pancreatic cancer(46.47%),and cervical cancer(44.65%)".There were 4 items of which the awareness rate was less than 15%,including"determination alone did not promise to successfully quit","low-tar-lownicotine cigarettes could neither reduce the risks of diseases(18.00%)nor reduce the harm to human health(16.40%)","e-cigarettes do no help for smokers to quit(5.69%)".[Conclusion]The publicity of tobacco control needs to be refined and precise,particularly for various diseases caused by smoking and effective measures for smoking cessation.