半寄生植物寄生机理及其应用研究

Parasitism Mechanism of Hemiparasitic Plant and Its Application

半寄生植物广泛分布于各类生态系统中。这类植物依靠特殊的寄生吸盘与寄主植物形成寄生关系,从寄主植物中摄取所需的水分、有机溶质和无机盐等,以维持自身的生长与发育。半寄生植物会影响寄主植物的生长,多数半寄生植物会给人类的农林业生产造成严重的经济损失。但也有少数檀香属等半寄生植物能提供名贵的心材与精油,具有极高的经济价值。而在生态系统尺度上,半寄生植物在调控群落结构、丰富植物群落的物种多样性方面具有积极的意义。本文主要介绍了半寄生植物吸盘形成与结构、寄主种类偏好性、气体交换、养分摄取、信息交换等寄生机理的研究进展,阐述了半寄生植物对生态系统的影响等方面的研究,探讨了控制半寄生植物的应用研究及发展趋势,并对今后的研究方向提出了几点建议,以期为半寄生植物的生理生态特性研究提供有益的参考。

Hemiparasitic plants are common in many natural ecosystems. They acquire some or all of their water,organicsolute and mineral via the haustorium of the host’s roots or shoots. Most hemiparasitic plants have significant deleteriouseffects on host plant and agricultural productivity,thus resulting in large economic losses in agriculture. Some hemiparasiticplants(e.g. Santalum spp.)are famous of the valued aromatic oil and precious heartwood. Likewise,hemiparasitic plantscan also alter the community structure and promote botanical diversity in natural ecosystems. Hence,parasitism mechanismof hemiparasitic plants has been the focus of relevant research. This paper reviewed the parasitism mechanism of hemiparasiticplants,including formation and structure of haustorium,host range,gas exchange,solute flux and information exchange. Also,the impacts on the ecosystem and applied studies of hemiparasitic plants were discussed. The research gaps in relevantfields were pointed out,and the possible research topics were suggested,which may be implicative for acceleratinghemiparasitic plants studies.