中国致密油气发展特征与方向

Development characteristics and orientation of tight oil and gas in China

系统梳理中国致密油气发展历程,提升总结勘探开发理论认识,客观对比中美地质条件及开发技术,明确了中国致密油气的勘探开发进展与所处的发展阶段,并从理论技术、工艺方法、开发政策等方面对中国致密油气的未来发展进行了展望。近10年来,依靠勘探开发实践和科技、管理创新,中国致密油气取得重大突破,探索了致密油气形成与分布等成藏规律,形成了“多级降压”、“人工油气藏”等开发理论认识,创新集成了富集区优选与井网部署、提高单井产量及采收率、低成本开发等技术系列,推动了致密油气的储量与产量的快速上升。但受控于沉积环境和构造背景,中国致密油气相比于北美,储集层连续性差、开发难度大、经济效益差,在储集层识别精度和压裂改造工艺等方面还存在一定差距。未来中国应进一步优化资源评价方法,攻关高精度三维地震、人工油气藏、智能工程等关键工程技术,创新发展新一代提高单井产量与提高采收率理论技术,积极争取致密油气财税补贴政策,促进致密油气快速规模发展。

Through reviewing the development history of tight oil and gas in China,summarizing theoretical understandings in exploration and development,and comparing the geological conditions and development technologies objectively in China and the United States,the progress and stage of tight oil and gas exploration and development in China have been clarified,and the future development orientation of theory and technology,process methods and development policy for tight oil and gas in China have been envisaged.In nearly a decade,relying on the exploration and development practice,science and technology research and management innovation,huge breakthroughs have been made in the exploration and development of tight oil and gas in China.The laws of formation,distribution and accumulation of tight oil and gas have been researched,the development theories such as“multi-stage pressure drop”and“man-made reservoirs”have been established,and several technology series,including enrichment regions selection,well pattern deployment,single well production and recovery factor enhancement,and low cost development,have been innovated and integrated.All those promote the rapid rise of both reserves and production of tight oil and gas.However,limited by the sedimentary environment and tectonic background,compared with North America,China’s tight oil and gas reservoirs are worse in continuity,more difficult to develop and poorer in economic efficiency.Moreover,there are still some gaps in reservoir identification accuracy and fracturing technology between China and North America.In the future,boosting the rapid development of tight oil and gas,Chinese oil and gas companies should further improve the resource evaluation method,tackle key technologies such as high-precision 3D seismic interpretation,man-made reservoir,and intelligent engineering,innovate theories and technologies to enhance single well production and recovery rate,and actively endeavor to get the finance and tax subsidy on tight oil and gas.