致密砂岩储集层的二元孔隙结构特征

Binary pore structure characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs

利用薄片、物性、含油饱和度、压汞数据分析鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段致密砂岩孔隙结构特征及对物性、含油性的影响。结果显示致密砂岩具有二元孔隙结构特征:当孔喉半径大于峰值半径时,孔隙结构近似于串珠模型,孔隙半径明显大于喉道半径,不具备分形特征,孔喉体积由孔隙体积决定;当孔喉半径小于峰值半径时,孔隙结构为毛细管模型,孔隙半径与喉道半径相近,具有分形特征,孔喉体积由喉道半径决定。大于峰值半径的孔喉发育程度是造成致密砂岩孔渗变化的主要因素,油相也主要赋存于该部分孔喉中;小于峰值半径的孔喉(包括未进汞孔喉)贡献主要的储集空间,但相对稳定,对物性变化影响小,与含油饱和度也缺少相关性。大孔喉主要由次生孔隙和粒间孔组成,预测致密砂岩物性时,应着重分析致密储集层中粒间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙等大孔隙而非微小孔隙的特征、成因及主控因素。

The pore structure and its influence on physical properties and oil saturation of the Triassic Chang 7 sandstones,Ordos Basin were discussed using thin sections,physical properties,oil saturation and mercury intrusion data.The results show that the tight sandstone has a binary pore structure:when the pore throat radius is larger than the peak radius,the pore radius is significantly larger than throat size,the pore structure is similar to the bead-string model with no fractal feature,and the pore throat volume is determined by the pore volume.When the pore throat radius is smaller than the peak radius,the pore structure is close to the capillary model and shows fractal features,the pore size is close to the throat size,and the pore throat volume is determined by the throat radius.The development of pore throats larger than the peak radius provides most of the oil storage space and is the major controlling factor for the porosity and permeability variation of tight sandstone.The pore throat smaller than the peak radius(including throats with no mercury invaded)contributes major reservoir space,it shows limited variation and has little effect on the change of physical properties which is lack of correlation with oil saturation.The pore throat larger than the peak radius is mainly composed of secondary and intergranular pores.Therefore genesis and main controlling factors of large pores such as intergranular and dissolved pores should be emphasized when predicting the tight sandstones quality.