权力协同对中国雾霾防治的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Power Synergy on Haze Prevention and Control in China

权力协同是雾霾防治的重要保障。基于2004-2015年PM2.5雾霾面板数据,本文利用非空间和空间面板模型比较分析发现:(1)在未剥离雾霾空间自相关效应时,中国属地治理权和支出财政权的分割对雾霾治理存在阻碍刚性;社会经济权的分割则会因经济权的诉求变弱而弱化"GDP追赶效应"等,进而对雾霾的影响存在着由提高到降低的界值效应。收入财政权分割的影响部分已越过倒U型拐点,显著降低了雾霾污染。(2)在剥离雾霾空间自相关效应以后,权力分割对雾霾防治影响变弱,影响模式则不变。但分区域来看,东部权力分割与利用整体较为有利于雾霾防治,而其他区域则显著相反。(3)通过权力分割与环保支出交互作用分析发现,中国对雾霾防治存在着反公地悲剧,尤其是社会经济权、西部财政权、东部属地治理权在环保支出防治雾霾方面的反公地悲剧表现强烈。为此,持续深化"放管服"改革,实现赋权向赋能发展管理模式转变,建立跨区联合防治机制体制,提升权力协同作用,势在必行。

Power synergy is an important guarantee for haze prevention and control.Based on the PM2.5 haze panel data from 2004 to 2015,this paper uses the non-spatial and spatial panel models for comparative analysis and draws conclusions as follows.Firstly,when the spatial autocorrelation effect of PM2.5 is not removed,the division of territorial governance power and expenditure financial power in China has an obstacle to PM2.5 governance;the segmentation of social and economic rights will weaken the catch-up effect of GDP due to the weakening of the demand for economic rights,so that there is a threshold effect of increasing to decreasing the influence of PM2.5;the impact of the division of revenue and financial rights has passed the inverted U-shaped inflection point,significantly reducing PM2.5 pollution.Secondly,after removing the spatial autocorrelation effect of PM2.5,the influence of power division on PM2.5 prevention and control becomes weaker,and the influence mode remains unchanged.However,from a regional perspective,the power division and utilization in the east are more conducive to the prevention and control of PM2.5,while the other regions are significantly opposite.Thirdly,through the analysis of the interaction between power division and environmental protection expenditure,it is found that the anti-commons tragedy exists in China’s PM2.5 prevention and control,especially in the social and economic right,the financial right in the west and the territorial control right in the east.Therefore,it is imperative to continuously deepen the reform of"streamlining administration delegating powers,and improving regulation and services",realize the transformation of the management mode from empowerment to enabling,establish the transregional joint prevention mechanism system,and enhance the synergy of power.