不同樱花品种茎解剖结构特征比较

Comparison of stem anatomical structure characteristics of different Cerasus cultivars

为给樱属植物的形态学研究提供解剖学依据,同时为其引种栽培提供理论依据,以湖南省森林植物园引种栽培的10个樱花品种的1年生茎为试验材料,采用植物显微技术,观察其解剖结构,比较分析其髓率、木质部率、韧皮部率、皮层率、周皮率和导管分子的形态特征及数量特征。观测结果表明:10个樱花品种1年生茎部的各个结构参数间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中‘杭早樱’的茎直径、髓直径、髓率和皮层率均小于其它樱花品种,‘修善寺寒樱’的髓直径和髓率最大;各樱花品种导管分子的内径、长度、尾长以及密度均存在显著差异,5种次生壁加厚类型都存在,其中以螺纹导管与网纹导管居多,导管分子多为单穿孔板,少数为复穿孔板和梯状穿孔板,端壁多倾斜且具尾,尾端的形状和长度从粗短尾到细长尾类型不一。研究结果表明:10个樱花品种茎解剖结构与组成均基本相同,但其各结构参数间均呈现出差异,这一结果可以作为樱花种间鉴定和分类的参考依据。

In order to offer a basis for morphological studies on Cerasus,and to provide a theoretical basis for introduction and cultivation of Cerasus,using one-year-old stems of 10 Cerasus cultivars planted in Hunan Forest Botanical Garden as materials,stem anatomical structures were observed by using plant microscopic techniques,and some morphological and quantitative characteristic indexes of stem were compared,including pith rate,xylem rate,phloem rate,cortex rate and periderm rate and vessel segment.The results of observation indicated that structure parameters of one-year-old stems of 10 Cerasus cultivars had significant differences(P<0.05).Among them,stem diameter,pith diameter,pith rate and cortex rate of Cerasus discoidea were smaller than those of others,and pith diameter and pith rate of Cerasus×kanzakura‘Rubescens’were the largest.Inner diameter,length,tail length and density of vessel segments had significant differences in each cultivars.All five types of secondary wall thickening were found,among which spiral vessel and reticulate vessel were in the majority.The majority of vessel segments were single perforated plates,while a few were multiperforated plates and ladder-shaped perforated plates.End wall was inclined and had a tail,and shape and length of tails were different,from thick short type to slender type.The results indicated that stem anatomical structures of 10 Cerasus cultivars were basically the same,while each structure parameter showed differences.That can be used as an reference basis for identification and classification between Cerasus species.