千年桐春季嫁接成活的影响因素

Influencing factors of grafting survival of Aleurites montana

为给千年桐无性系高效栽培繁育提供参考,以湘南地区千年桐8年生优树为采穗母树,以千年桐播种苗为砧木,研究嫁接方法、砧木苗龄和高度、套袋、接穗成熟度等5个因素对千年桐成活率的影响。结果表明:1年生砧木芽接、切接、劈接的成活率分别为65.00%、53.33%、36.67%,芽接的成活率与劈接有显著差异,与切接无显著差异。1年生砧木的平均嫁接成活率为47.9%,2年生砧木为23.33%,1年生砧木芽接、劈接、切接的成活率与2年生砧木均有显著差异。20、30、50 cm高1年生砧木的切接成活率分别为53.33%、65.00%、40.00%,30 cm砧木的嫁接成活率与50 cm砧木存在显著差异,20 cm砧木与30 cm砧木和50 cm砧木的切接成活率均无显著差异。1年生砧木套袋的平均嫁接成活率为51.67%,不套袋的为39.44%,1年生砧木套袋切接成活率与不套袋切接有显著差异。1年生砧木半木质化绿色枝、木质化绿色枝、褐色老枝的平均嫁接成活率分别为46.92%、29.83%、16.83%,芽接、切接、劈接时3种接穗间平均嫁接成活率均存在显著差异。因此,整套嫁接技术的最优组合为芽接+1年生砧木+套袋+半木质化绿色枝,嫁接成活率最高可达80%。

In order to provide some references for high efficiency cultivation and breeding of Aleurites montana clones,using eight-year-old superior trees in southern Hunan as scion mother trees and using seedlings as rootstocks,effects of grafting methods,seedling age and height of rootstock,bagging and scion maturity on survival rate of A.montana were researched.The results showed that survival rates of budding,cutting and cleaving of one-year-old rootstocks were 65.00%,53.33%and 36.67%,respectively.Survival rate of budding had significant differences with cleaving,but had no significant difference from cutting.Average grafting survival rates of one-year-old rootstocks and two-year-old rootstocks were 47.9%and 23.33%,respectively.Survival rates of budding,cleaving and cutting of one-year-old rootstocks were significantly different from those of two-year-old rootstocks.Survival rates of one-year-old rootstocks with 20,30 and 50 cm height were 53.33%,65.00%and 40.00%,respectively.Survival rate of 30 cm rootstocks was significantly different from that of 50 cm rootstocks.Survival rate of 20 cm rootstocks was not significantly different from those of 30 and 50 cm rootstocks.Average grafting survival rate of bagged one-year-old rootstocks was 51.67%and that of unbagged one-year-old rootstocks was 39.44%.Survival rates of cutting had significant differences between bagged and unbagged one-year-old rootstocks.Average grafting survival rates of one-year-old rootstocks of green semi-lignified branches,green lignified branches and old brown branches were 46.92%,29.83%and 16.83%,respectively.Average survival rates of budding,cutting and cleaving had significant differences among the three kinds of scions.Therefore,the best combination of grafting techniques was budding+annual rootstock+bagging+green semi-lignified branches,and the highest survival rate of grafting could be up to 80%.