石峁石雕:艺术传统与历史因缘

Shimao Stone Carvings:Artistic Traditions and Historical Causes

陕西神木石峁史前古城近年新出土一批石雕,引起学界内外广泛关注。本文初步梳理了石雕内容,提出石雕与城址主体遗存之间存在年代差,这个年代差对于判断文化更替及历史变革具有重要意义。石雕推测为石峁最初的神庙建筑构件,主要刻画的是神面与神像,记录了当时的信仰内容与崇拜方式。石峁石雕艺术也反映了当时的文化交流,尤其是双神柱的发现,揭示了石峁承续史前中国两面神崇拜信仰传统的事实,为探索古代宇宙观认知体系的完善过程具有重要意义。

A collection of stone carvings unearthed in recently years in the prehistoric Shimao City,Shenmu County of Shannxi Province has attracted wide attention in and outside academic circles.This paper makes a preliminary outline of the stone carvings details,presenting that there is a time difference between the stone carvings and the main body of the Shimao Ruins,which is significant for determining cultural vicissitudes and historic changes.As speculated to be the earliest shrine elements,the stone carvings,mostly deity faces and statues,record who and how early people worshipped at that time.They are also the reflection of the then cultural exchanges.The Double-Deity Column,in particular,reveals the fact that the Shimao carries forward the belief and worship of prehistoric Chinese to double-face deities and means a lot for developing the knowledge of ancient cosmology.