瑞典藏元刊西夏文大藏经再探讨

Further Discussion on the Tangut Tripitaka from the Yuan Dynasty Collected in Sweden

瑞典斯德哥尔摩民族博物馆藏有一组元代刊刻的西夏文大藏经,经前版画中有一组牌记。本文在前人研究基础上继续探讨,推论牌记中的"当今皇帝"为元武宗海山或者仁宗爱育黎拔力八达,"仪天兴圣慈仁昭懿寿元皇太后"为元武宗及仁宗之母弘吉刺·答吉,"正宫皇后"即元武宗海山皇后弘吉刺·真哥。其印制时间应在"仪天兴圣慈仁昭懿寿元皇太后"这一尊号使用期内,即至大三年(1310)十月至延祐二年(1315)三月。在考证出《过去庄严劫千佛名经》发愿文记载的武宗朝印制河西藏即国图藏大德十一年河西藏基础上,进一步推论瑞典藏《河西藏》应该是皇庆元年(1312)印毕的《河西藏》,当然也不排除皇庆二年(1313)至延祐二年三月之间还有重印的可能。论文对瑞典藏河西藏出土于黑水城的观点也提出了初步的怀疑。

A set of the Tangut Tripitaka from the Yuan Dynasty is collected in The Ethnographical Museum of Sweden,Stockholm.A colophon is provided in the engraving in the preface.This paper is a further discussion based on former studies,and it is inferred that those characters dang jin huang di"当今皇帝"in the colophon should be Khayishan(hai shan"海山"),Emperor Wuzong of Yuan,or Ayurbarwada(ai yu li ba li ba da"爱育黎拔力八达"),The empress dowager yi tian xing sheng ci ren zhao yi shou yuan huang tai hou"仪天兴圣慈仁昭懿寿元皇太后"is the mother of Emperor Wuzong and Renzong of Yuan,and the Empress consort shall be Empress Zhen’ge,who married Emperor Wuzong of Yuan.The published time of the Sutra fell into the period when the honorific title of Empress Dowager Dagi was used,which means the Sutra was published around October in Third Year of Zhida(1310)to March in the Second Year of Yanyou(1315).Based on the verified Hexi Canon,i.e.the National Hexi Canon in the period of Dade,published during the reigning of Emperor Wuzong of Yuan,wrote in postscript of the Sutra of the Thousand Buddhas’Names of the Past Kalpa of Adornments,a further inference can be concluded that the Hexi Canon displayed in Sweden is the one published in the First Year of Huangqing;yet,it could also be the second print during the Second Year of Huangqing(1313)and March of the Second Year of Yanyou.The paper also proposed a preliminary suspect on whether the Hexi Canon exhibited in Sweden was unearthed from Khara-Khoto.