杜甫五律失对现象调查:话题句

Study on the Loss of Antithesis in Du Fu’s Five-Character Lü shi:Topic Sentence

话题结构在汉语中大量存在,在五言诗中也很活跃。由于话题与主语位于句首同一位置,同为陈述对象,包含各种复杂语义关系,它与其他一些主谓结构句型相混为对,与对偶严格要求不尽相合,出现所谓"似对非对"的失对现象,杜甫五律中采用话题结构与一般主谓句为对,出现不少不合对偶严格要求的句例。这些失对现象究竟是无心之失,还是变通之举,尚难遽下判断。

Topic structures are commonly seen in Chinese articles,so does it in the five-character lüshi.Located at the same place as the subject,the topic,as also being the object of the statement,bears various complex semantic relations.The antithesis between the topic and the subject-predicate structure does not comply with strict antithesis requirements,resulting in the so-called"specious antithesis",or loss of antithesis.This phenomenon is commonly seen in Du Fu’s five-character liishi where the topic structure is antithetic to the subject-predicate structure.It is difficult to judge whether this phenomenon is writer’s inadvertence or just for adaptation.