中国地级及以上城市紧凑度测度

Assessment of urban compactness in prefectural and above level cities of China

在明确紧凑城市内涵的基础上,从空间利用效率、物质流通效率、城市运营效率和生态环境保护四个维度构建了城市紧凑度测度体系,评估了2005年和2015年中国264个地级及以上城市的紧凑度,并采用空间自相关分析方法,分析了城市紧凑度的空间分布规律。结果显示:中国城市紧凑度整体上有所提升,社会经济发展水平是驱动城市紧凑度增长的主要动力,但从城市土地的集约利用程度和城市空间结构来看,紧凑度呈下降趋势;不同等级城市间的紧凑度具有明显的空间异质性与非均衡性,城市紧凑度与城市等级呈U型分布特征,中小城市具有较高的城市蔓延风险;城市紧凑度的空间聚集特征显著,东南沿海地区为高紧凑度聚集区,东北地区和中原地区为低紧凑度聚集区;中西部地区城市紧凑度差异性逐渐增大,长三角和珠三角地区城市紧凑度呈现出扩散效应,京津冀地区城市紧凑度呈现出极化效应。

Based on the reviews on compact city studies,this essay constructs a compactness evaluation criteria from four aspects: urban form compactness,transportation efficiency,urban governance efficiency and environmental protection. Then this evaluation criterion is applied to measure 264 prefecture or higher level cities in China in 2005 and 2015. Spatial Autocorrelation Method is applied to explore the spatial correlation pattern of urban compactness. The results show: The compactness of Chinese cities is improved in general;The primary driver of compactness increment is urban social and economic developments,rather than the improvement of urban land-use and spatial structure;The compactness amongst tiered cities is heterogeneous and small cities are facing a higher risk of urban sprawl;Urban compactness has significant spatial correlation pattern that high-compactness cities are clustered in the south-east coastal area,low-compactness cities are clustered in North-east region and central plain region,and the differences of urban compactness in the middle and western regions are enlarged;The Yangtze River Delta Region and the Pearl River Delta Region show spread effect on urban compactness,while Jing-Jin-Ji Region shows the polarized effect.