11种中药材中重金属含量的ICP-MS法测定及统计分析

Determination of heavy metals in 11 Chinese Medicinal Materials by ICP-MS and Its Statistical Analysis

目的采用微波消解联合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对灵芝、三七、野菊花、茯苓、杜仲、鱼腥草、刺梨、山银花、太子参、红景天、天麻等11种中药材中重金属含量进行检测和分析。方法以硝酸为消解试剂,采用微波消解法对样品进行前处理,通过ICP-MS法同时测定156批中药材中铅、镉、汞、砷、铜含量。结果 5种元素线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,各元素精密度RSD小于1.9%,方法重复性RSD小于11.9%,回收率在75.1%~109.5%之间;11种中药材中铅、镉、汞、砷、铜元素含量分别为0~8.70 mg·kg^-1、0.01~2.49 mg·kg^-1、0~0.0523 mg·kg^-1、0.01~1.46 mg·kg^-1、0.92~60.30 mg·kg^-1,并运用IBM-SPSS 22.0统计软件对11种中药材重金属含量进行统计分析,其中汞、砷元素含量均符合要求,而铅、镉、铜3种元素含量有不同程度超标,且镉元素超标现象较严重,是造成重金属含量超标的主要原因。结论该方法灵敏度高、检测速度快,可同时检测中药材中多种元素,推荐用于中药材重金属检测,为保证中药材的品质和用药安全提供研究基础。

Objective To determine the contents of heavy metals in the 11 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, such as Ganoderma lucidum, Notoginseng Radix, Chrysanthemum indicum, Poria cocos, Eucommia ulmoides, Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Rose roxburghii, Lonicera hypoglauca, Pseudostellariae Radix, Rhodiola, Gastrodiae Rhizoma by microwave digestion combined with ICP-MS.Methods Nitric acid was used as the digesting reagent, and the samples were pretreated by microwave digestion. The contents of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and copper in 156 batches of Chinese medicinal materials were determined by ICP-MS.Results The five elements had a good linear relationship, the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999, the precision RSD was less than 1.9%, the repeatability RSD was less than 11.9%, and the recovery rate was range from 75.1% to 109.5%;The contents of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and copper in 11 Chinese medicinal materials were 0~8.70 mg·kg^-1, 0.01~2.49 mg·kg^-1, 0~0.0523 mg·kg^-1, 0.01~1.46 mg·kg^-1 and 0.92~60.30 mg·kg^-1 and using IBM-SPSS 22.0 statistical software to statistically analyze the heavy metal content of 11 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, in which the content of mercury and arsenic meet the requirements, while the contents of lead, cadmium and copper have different levels, and the phenomenon of cadmium exceeding the standard is more serious, which is the main reason for the excessive content of heavy metals.Conclusion The method has high sensitivity and fast detection speed, and can detect multiple elements in Chinese medicinal materials at the same time. It is recommended to be used for the detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials, providing a research basis for ensuring the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials.