长江三峡库区水渗漏引起的地下水污染问题讨论

Discussion on groundwater pollution caused by leakage of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the Yangtze River

为明确三峡库区渗漏水对长江下游地区的影响,根据长江径流量的时空分布变化、三峡库区的地质构造、区域水量平衡等,分析长江下游地区地下水的污染源头。结果表明:三峡库区存在深部断裂和暗河系统,库区渗漏水可能通过深部循环通道向长江下游和流域外排泄;长江下游的地下水污染源头不仅包括源区污染、采矿业污染、农业污染、城市生活和工业固废污染,还包括通过深部循环通道的上游污水排泄;上游的水源保护对下游的地下水污染治理至关重要。

The sources of groundwater pollution and the influence of Three Gorges Reservoir on the downstream of the Yangtze River is analyzed based on spatial and temporal distribution of flow rate, geological structures of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and regional water balance. The analysis result shows that there are deep fault structures and underground river systems in Three Gorges Reservoir area, through which the reservoir leakage may be recharged to the downstream areas or other outside basins. Therefore, pollution sources of groundwater in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River include not only upstream pollution, mining industry pollution, agricultural pollution, domestic and industrial solid waste pollution, but also the recharge of upstream polluted water through deep channels. Upstream protection should be taken into priority for thd groundwater pollution control in lower reaches.