《尚书孔氏传》序考辨

A Study on the Preface of Kong Biography

托名为孔安国所作的《尚书》序自宋代以来,对其真伪的考辨不绝于缕。通过文献对照,从历史学、文字学、语言风格、常理判断等多重角度,对孔氏《尚书序》进行考辨,可断定其作者绝非孔氏。由文中“伏羲氏画八卦、造书契”“少昊列五帝”“三坟”“五典”“八索”“九丘”等,考察此类叙述当出现于汉代孔氏之后,部分叙述融合了后世学者的相关论述;“科斗文”的叙述与西汉史实不相吻合,此名词出现于汉代后期,盛行于魏晋时代,孔氏作者的身份令人质疑;“隶古定”“训传”“开设”“敷畅”等词语当出现在西汉以后;序文辞、语气不类西汉文风;序与传作者亦可能非出自一人之手,对照汉魏石经的《尚书》与马、郑、王注等,作序者有巧言饰伪之嫌。

The preface of Shang Shu,wrote by Kong An-guo nominally,has been studied and distinguished continuously since the Song Dynasty.Through literature comparison,from the perspectives of history,philology,language style,common sense and so on,the author of Kong’s Preface of Shang Shu is studied and distinguished,and the author is not Kong.From“Fuxi painting eight diagrams,creating books”,“Shaohao five emperors”,“three graves”,“five scriptures”,“eight cables”,“nine hills”and so on,it is investigated that this kind of narration should appear after Kong’s family in the Han Dynasty.Part of the narration merges the related exposition of the later scholars.The narration of tadpole text does not coincide with the historical facts of the Western Han Dynasty.The term appeared in the late Han Dynasty and prevailed in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.“liguding”,“xunzhuan”,“opening”,“application chang”and other words appeared after the Western Han Dynasty.The preface and utterances were not in the Western Han style.The author of preface and biography may not be written by one person,contrasting Shang Shu with Ma,Zheng and Wangzhu etc,the preface has the suspicion of preaching false words.