走出发展的“困境”——人类学话语中的鄂伦春社会与文化

Beyond the Discourse of Development: A Review of the Study of Oroqen under the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology

自清初至今,国内外文献中出现很多对于鄂伦春的记载和研究,与其特定的时代背景密切相关。依据所处时代和研究特点,这些研究大致可分为1949年以前对鄂伦春的记载和调查、作为“原始社会”的鄂伦春族研究以及以文化保护与发展转型为议题的鄂伦春族研究。对鄂伦春族研究的梳理,可以帮我们认识到学者是如何看待鄂伦春及其面临的“困境”。未来的鄂伦春族研究应更多关注“本体论”以及民族内外的交织互动等多元研究视角,而这些视角同样也是当下中国边疆民族研究所应借鉴之处。

Since the beginning of Qing Dynasty,there were many records and studies of Oroqen appeared in the world.According to their characteristics,these studies can be roughly divided into three parts,which are the surveys of Oroqen before 1949,the study of Oroqen as a“primitive society”and the study about traditional culture protections and development of Oroqen.In the future,the study of Oroqen should pay more attention on the ontology,internal differentiation and interactions with other groups.These perspectives are also benefit for the current Chinese frontier research.