农民工就业地选择和收入差距

The Choice of Employment Places and Income Inequality of Migrant Workers

在农民工外出务工数量增幅趋缓,出现本地就业新趋势的背景下,本文利用CHIP2007年和2013年数据,分析了农民工本地还是外出务工的就业选择和收入差距的变化。结果表明,从2007年到2013年,农民外出务工倾向于选择近距离的乡外县内就业,而选择远距离省外就业的农民工数量有明显的下降。样本选择偏差纠正后的均值分解表明,农民在县域内务工的收入差距明显缩小,而县外务工(包括县外省内和省外)与乡内务工的收入差距明显扩大。一方面,地方政府和企业应结合农民工自身需要,完善劳动力就业服务市场并提供有效的就业信息。另一方面,建设政府进一步加快户籍制度改革,提高农民工在教育、医疗、住房等公共服务领域的各项社会福利水平。

As the slowing down of the growth of migrant workers ’ migration and the emerging new trends of local employment,this paper analyzes migrant workers ’ migration options,i. e.,staying locally or migrating,and income inequality,based on the data collected by CHIP 2007 and 2013.The results show that,from 2007 to 2013,rural residents tended to work within the county area and the number of interprovincial migrant workers significantly reduced. After correcting the selectivity bias,the decompositions reveal that the income gap between inter-county migrants and local rural residents has decreased considerably,and the income gap between inter-and intra-provincial migrant workers and local rural workers has significantly enlarged. Therefore, on the one hand, local governments and enterprises should integrate the needs of migrant workers themselves to improve the labor employment service market and provide sufficient employment information. On the other hand,it is necessary to accelerate the reform of the household registration system further and improve the social welfare level of migrant workers in the fields of education,medical treatment,housing and other public services.