汉语供用句和中动句的比较分析

A Comparative Study of Affordance Construction and Middle Construction in Chinese

供用句和中动句是汉语两种非常有特色的句式,各自具有特殊的句法构造和句式意义,同时它们之间也存在一系列共性,包括非施事性主语和施事成分的隐含、句子情态义和语义的非动态性、突显事物的内在属性特征和促动事件实施的句式义等。文章对供用句和中动句进行对比分析,并在体验构式语法理论的框架下探讨作为构式的供用句和中动句构式义是如何产生并被理解的;指出构式理论本身并不能对构式义的产生机制问题进行恰当的解释。构式义高于组构成分义,但同时也来源于组构成分的意义。物性角色知识可以对体验构式语法的图式内容加以充实,进而说明供用构式和中动构式构式义的产生和理解过程。

Affordance construction and middle construction in Chinese are two typical sentence patterns that have special syntactic structures and meanings respectively.However,they have some commonalities,including the implicit non-agent subject and agent,the static features of sentential modality and semantics,the salience of the intrinsic attribute and the construction meaning of actuating the implementation of events.This paper makes a contrastive analysis of the affordance construction and the middle construction in Chinese.In the framework of embodied construction grammar,this paper discusses how the construction meaning of the affordance construction and the middle construction in Chinese is built and understood.It points out that the construction theory itself cannot explain the generative mechanism of the construction meaning.The meaning of construction is higher than that of compositions,but it also derives from the meaning of compositions.The qualia role can enrich the schema content of embodied construction grammar,and then explain the generation and understanding process of construction meaning.