当代中国历史主义批判——以胡塞尔历史现象学为视角

Criticism of Contemporary Chinese Historicism——From the Perspective of Husserl’s Historical Phenomenology

以胡塞尔历史现象学为视角,当代中国历史主义主要存在四种类型:历史相对论、历史决定论、历史偶像主义、生成与结构相统一的历史主义。以历史虚无主义为代表的历史相对论、以经济决定论为代表的历史决定论和以崇拜历史泡沫的历史偶像主义已经给中国社会带来巨大危害,这三种历史主义产生的原因是当代部分国人否定历史本质、沉溺于历史泡沫,丧失判断历史本质的能力以及历史本质在传递过程中出现了问题等,其根本问题在于历史本质与生成的断裂。当代中国需要的是既要奠基在个性和发展基础上又要具有普遍历史本质的历史主义,即生成与结构完美统一的历史主义,胡塞尔的历史现象学是结构与生成相统一的历史主义,它对解决我国当代历史主义的问题以及建立生成与结构相统一的历史唯物主义具有重要的借鉴意义。

From the perspective of Husserl’s phenomenology of history,there are mainly four types of contemporary Chinese historicism:historical relativity,historical determinism,historical idolatry,and historicism,which combine generation and structure.Historical relativity represented by historical nihilism,historical determinism represented by economic determinism and historical idolatry represented by worship of historical bubble have brought great harm to Chinese society.The causes of these three types of historicism are that some contemporary Chinese deny historical essence,indulge in historical bubble,lose the ability to judge historical essence,and there are problems in the transmission process of historical essence.The fundamental problem lies in the rupture of historical essence and generation.What contemporary China needs is historicism,which is based on individuality and development,and has universal historical essence,that is,historicism with perfect unity of generation and structure.Husserl’s historical phenomenology is historicism with unity of structure and generation,which has important reference significance for solving the problems of contemporary historicism in China and establishing historical materialism with unity of generation and structure.