明清女性读书图的图式流变与艺术传达

Painting Changes and Artistic Expression of Women in Reading in Ming and Qing Dynasties

关于女性的社会地位及角色定位的历史,从古至今反复演绎着社会规训与自我认同的轨迹。而在反映女性生活的仕女画中,社会规训与自我认同是通过表现对象的形态以及场景的安排等艺术传达方式得以体现的,以女性阅读之态入画的明、清女性读书图即是如此。女性读书图初见于明代,清代得以传承并发展。明清两代女性读书图的艺术表现形式及图式流变过程,揭示了社会规训与自我认同如何作用于女性,佐证出艺术创新既受制于艺术本体自律,也不可避免地受到社会历史文化情境的规导和影响。

The social status and role definition of women reflect the trace of social discipline and self-identification.In the painting about women’s life,social discipline and self-identification is realized by the artistic expression such as the form of subject and setting arrangement,which is represented by the paintings of women in reading of Ming and Qing dynasties.The painting of women in reading was first produced in Ming dynasty,which was later inherited and promoted in Qing dynasty.The artistic expression and painting changes reveal the interaction of social discipline and self-identification on women,and also confirm that the innovation of art is restrained by art and the social,historical and cultural context.