乡村职业教育的多元参与实践样态:乡村振兴战略推进的视角审视

Multiple Patterns of Participation in Practice of Rural Vocational Education in the Perspective of the Promotion of Rural Revitalization Strategy

基于乡村振兴战略的乡村职业教育呈现出多元主体参与的实践样态。政府、乡村职业学校、相关企业、村庄、农户都是乡村职业教育的参与主体。政府承担着政策规划、协调监管和财政支持的职责。以县域职教中心为代表的乡村职业学校发挥着人才培养、脱贫攻坚、技术推广、社会服务和文化传承等多元功能。企业、村庄、农户是乡村社会支持乡村职业教育发展的三大来源,分别由人才需求、资源投入、舆论支持、选择偏好、个体参与等要素构成乡村职业教育发展的社会支持系统。相关企业、村庄和农户的参与构成了乡村职业教育服务乡村振兴的三维多向合作格局,"校企合作、校村合作、校农合作"的合作模式倒逼乡村职业教育创新发展转型发展。在实践中乡村职业教育多元参与也面临着一些困境,为此,政府、乡村职业学校、企业、村庄、农户等多元主体应共同推动乡村职业教育转向内生发展的轨道,形成多元协同参与的乡村职业教育发展共同体。

The rural revitalization strategy-based rural vocational education presents the practice patterns of multi-subject participation.Government,rural vocational schools,related enterprises,villages and farmers are the major participants in rural vocational education.The government is responsible for policy planning,coordinating regulation and financial support.Rural vocational schools,represented by county vocational education centers,play a variety of functions such as talent training,poverty alleviation,technology promotion,social services and cultural inheritance.Enterprises,villages and farmers are the three major sources of rural social support for the development of rural vocational education,and form a social support system for the development of rural vocational education composed of talent demand,resource input,public opinion support,selection preference and individual participation respectively.The participation of relevant enterprises,villages and farmers constitutes a three-dimensional and multi-directional cooperative pattern of rural vocational education serving rural revitalization.The cooperative mode of"school-enterprise cooperation,school-village cooperation and school-farmer cooperation"actually forces the innovation and transformation of rural vocational education.In practice,diversified participation in rural vocational education is also faced with some difficulties.Therefore,the multi-subjects of the government,rural vocational schools,enterprises,villages,farmers should jointly promote the transformation of rural vocational education to the track of endogenous development,and form a community of rural vocational education development with diverse and collaborative participation.