试论课堂研究中的深描与解释方法

The Method of Thick Description and Interpretation in Classroom-based Researches

课堂研究的方法受到人类学、阐释学、现象学的影响,更加注重对课堂情境中发生的现象及其背后的意义的研究,因此,深描和解释方法在课堂研究中引起较为普遍的关注。深描是深入的、厚实的、详细的问题性经验的描述,旨在澄清一种倾向和组织行为所存在的意义。深描有真实性、深入性和近经验性等特点,深描的类型主要有微观式深描、情景式深描、交互式深描等。解释是对一个相关术语的意义进行阐释和理解的过程,它的意义在于理解。解释具有创造性、情境理解性和生成性等特点,其类型可分为深解与浅解、局内外与局外人解释、分析式与描述式解释等。课堂研究中描述和解释总是结合在一起使用的,在描述中解释,在解释中描述,二者融为一体,有助于研究者进行细致、聚焦、深入的课堂研究。

The methodology of classroom-based researches is informed by anthropology,hermeneutics and phenomenology,so the researchers in this field are eager to understand what happens in classrooms and what is the rationale behind this.To achieve this end,the application of the method of thick description and interpretation has gradually gained widespread attention among them.The thick description is an in-depth description of detailed problematic experience,which can be classified into micro-thick description,scene-based thick description and interactive thick description.This method is supposed to be used to clarify the meaning of tendency and organizational behavior.In addition,the interpretation is a creative,context-dependent and generative process of interpreting and understanding the meaning,which can be divided into thick and light,internal and external,analytical and descriptive interpretations.Its significance lies in the due understanding of the issues concerned.Normally,descriptions and interpretations are often combined and integrated to be applied to the classroom-based researches,which can help researchers conduct detailed,focused and in-depth micro studies on what happens in classrooms.