大众化再考察：高等教育女性化的起点与内在逻辑

Rethinking Mass Higher Education:Origin and Internal Logic for Feminization of Higher Education

2009年中国普通高校本专科女生总量开始超过男生,经过近10年发展,高校女生数量优势逐渐扩大并引起广泛关注,这种被称作"高等教育女性化"的现象自20世纪70年代至今已经在世界范围普遍出现。本文通过国际比较,发现高等教育大众化是高等教育女性化现象在世界范围普遍出现的起点和必要条件。在此基础上,通过探讨这一现象所蕴含的高等教育发展规律,呈现了女性优势开始即男性优势结束时高等教育机会的临界范围,进而提出大众化阶段适龄男性人口"相对出让"高等教育机会的理论观点,在一定程度上拓展了高等教育大众化与教育公平的理论边界、丰富了高等教育大众化与教育公平的理论内涵。

The notion of Feminization of Higher Education that depicts the number of female students surpassing that of males in colleges appeared in China in 2009.The new gender gap has grown rapidly within 10 years,which has aroused considerable attention from both academia and society.Feminization of Higher Education appeared in 1970 s then spread worldwide rather than exists in China alone.Through international comparative study,this study found that mass higher education is the "origin" and "necessary condition" for feminization of higher education.Furthermore,through discussing the development pattern of higher education worldwide,this study found the "critical range" where females ’advantage begins and males ’advantage ends,then put forward a theoretical point of view that males "relatively transfer" educational opportunities to females in the stage of mass higher education.These discoveries may expand the theoretical boundaries in studying mass higher education and education equity.