光电化学传感器的构建及研究进展

Construction and research progress of photoelectrochemical sensor

光电化学传感器是以光为激发源,光电流或光电压为检测信号,通过电化学、生物识别等手段定量分析待测物与光电流或光电压之间关系的新型技术。其原理是当光照射到光电活性材料时,材料中的电子受到激发,其上面的识别探针捕获目标分析物,引起光电流或光电压变化。当目标物的浓度变化时,光电信号发生相应的变化,两者之间呈现出函数关系,因此,可以通过光电信号变化,来定量测定目标物。在光电化学传感器中,因其激发源(光)与检测信号(电流或电压)的完全分离极大地减少了背景信号的干扰;又因具有响应快速、灵敏度高、设备简单、价格低廉易于微型化等优点,使光电化学传感器在各大领域备受瞩目。本文介绍了光电化学传感器的基本原理、特点、分类及其应用,并对有代表性的研究和发展前景做了总结和评述。

Photoelectrochemical sensor is a new technology that uses light as an excitation source,photocurrent or photovoltage as a detection signal,to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the objects under test and photocurrent or voltage by means of electrochemical and biometric identification.The principle is that when light is irradiated onto the electro-optically active material,electrons in the material are excited,and the recognition probe thereon captures the target analyte,causing a change in photocurrent or voltage.When the concentration of the target changes,the photoelectric signal changes correspondingly,and there is a functional relationship between the two aspects.Therefore,the targets can be quantitatively measured by the change of the photoelectric signals.In the photoelectrochemical sensor,the complete separation of the excitation source(light)and the detection signal(current or voltage)greatly reduces the interference of the background signal.Because of the fast response,high sensitivity,simple equipment,low price,and easy miniaturization,photoelectrochemical sensors have attracted much attention in various fields.This paper not only introduced the basic principles,characteristics,classification and application of photoelectrochemical sensors,but alsosummarized and reviewed the representative research and development prospects.