粗梗稠李色素提取工艺优化及稳定性研究

Study on the optimization of extraction and stability of pigment obtained from Padus napaulensis

以粗梗稠李为研究对象,采用超声波为辅助手段、水为溶剂提取其色素,通过单因素实验和正交试验探究出色素最佳提取工艺,研究了光照、温度、酸碱度、金属离子、食品添加剂、氧化剂、还原剂对粗梗稠李色素稳定性的影响。通过实验得出,粗梗稠李最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶55、温度60℃、时间为15 min、功率为144 w。在此条件下粗梗稠李色素溶液吸光度为2.120。通过稳定性实验,粗梗稠李色素在4~60℃、避光及弱光、强酸性条件下色素较稳定,在氧化剂(KMnO4、H2O2)、还原剂(亚硫酸钠、抗坏血酸)条件下,色素不稳定。常见金属离子(Fe^3+、Ca^2+、Fe^2+、Cu^2+、Mn^2+、Al3^+、Zn^2+、Pb^2+、Na^+、Mg^2+、 K^+)对色素稳定性影响较小。常见食品添加剂对色素稳定性影响较大,硫酸铝钾、醋酸、柠檬酸、山梨酸、苯甲酸对粗梗稠李色素具有增色作用,蔗糖、葡萄糖具有一定的护色作用,碳酸氢钠对粗梗稠李色素具有减色作用。

With padus napaulensis as the research object,ultrasonic wave as an auxiliary method and water as a solvent to extract its pigment,single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were conducted to figure out the optimal extraction process of pigment and studies were carried out on the effects of light,temperature,pH value,metal ions,food additives,oxidant and reductant on the pigment stability of padus napaulensis.From the experimentswasconcluded that the best process of padus napaulensis extraction comprises a material-to-liquid ratio of 1∶55,a temperature of 60℃,a period of 15 min and the power of 144 W.Under these conditions,the pigment solution of padus napaulensis bears absorbance of 2.120.The stability experiments showed that the pigment of padus napaulensis was stable under the conditions of4~60℃,absence of light or weak light and strong acid,and unstableunder the conditions of oxidants(KMnO4 and H2O2)and reductants(sodium sulfite and ascorbic acid).Common metal ions(including Fe^3+、Ca^2+、Fe^2+、Cu^2+、Mn^2+、Al3^+、Zn^2+、Pb^2+、Na^+、Mg^2+and K^+)bring about little effect on pigment stability,while common food additives produce great influence on that.Aluminum potassium sulfate,acetic acid,citric acid,sorbic acid and benzoic acid have hyperchromic effect on the pigment of padus napaulensis;sucrose and glucose bear certain color protection effect;sodium bicarbonate exerts color reduction effect on the pigment of padus napaulensis.