饮用水源库合理水力停留时间确定方法研究

A Study on the Approach to Determining Rational Hydraulic Retention Time for Drinking Water Source Reservoirs

水力停留时间是饮用水源库运行模式的重要设计参数。针对水源库确定合理的水力停留时间缺乏相关技术支撑的问题,提出了水力停留时间确定的原则、思路。分析了基于水质净化、藻华防控、环境风险防控、咸潮入侵风险防控的停留时间确定方法。以上海地区两大水源库进行案例研究,结果表明,黄浦江上游金泽水源库水质安全的水力停留时间总体宜2~7 d,其中冬季5~7 d,夏季2~4 d;长江口青草沙水源库非咸潮期(每年5-9月)的平均水力停留时间应控制在15~25 d,夏季水库水力停留时间不宜多于15~20 d。

Hydraulic retention time(HRT) is one of most important parameters for designing and constructing drinking water source reservoir systems. Along with different HRT, first order reaction kinetic model has been built up to simulate concentration of pollutants, and an algae growth model has been set up to simulate algae biomass. Based on the purpose to improve water quality, control eutrophication, avoid environmental risk and prevent the influence by saline tide intrusion, methods for determining HRT for two major drinking water source reservoirs in Shanghai were proposed. It was suggested that HRT for Jinze reservoir in the upper Huangpu River be 2~7 days, in which 5~7 days in winter and 2~ 4 days in summer, whilst HRT for Qincaosha reservoir in Yangtze River estuary be 15~25 days in the non-saline tide period of May through September and not longer than 15~20 days in summer time.