粤港澳大湾区水环境状况分析及治理对策初探

Problems and Treatment Countermeasures of Water Environment in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

通过梳理粤港澳大湾区河流、水库、近岸海域的水体污染现状,分析城市内涝、河流及入海口水量变化问题,发现湾区水体污染主要由大城市密集的人口和工业活动造成,不完善的污水处理系统和管理体系使水体污染进一步加剧;对生态用水的过度侵占是水量问题产生的主要原因。通过总结国际先进湾区完善立法、提高标准、控制排放和保护生态的水环境治理经验,对粤港澳大湾区水环境的进一步治理提出对策:1)提升水资源利用效率,加强污水处理;2)加强海绵城市建设;3)控制围垦,加强生态保护;4)加快推进社会经济转型。

This study identifies the current situation of water pollution in the rivers,reservoirs and coastal waters in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,and analyzes the issues about urban water-logging as well as the changes in water volume in rivers and estuaries.The water pollution in the Bay Area is mainly caused by the intensive population and industrial activities in large cities.The imperfect sewage treatment system and management strategies have exacerbated the pollution.Water quantity problems mainly derived from the excessive encroachment of ecological water.By summarizing the development experience of the international advanced Bay Area,including improving legislation,raising standards,limiting emissions,and protecting the ecological water environment,this study proposes the following countermeasures for further management of water environment in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:1)improving water use efficiency and strengthening sewage treatment;2)promoting the construction of sponge cities;3)controlling cofferdams and improving ecological protection;4)accelerating the transformation of social economy.