聚α-C14烯烃/酯类润滑油基础油合成和性能研究

Synthesis and Properties Study of Poly-α-C14 Olefin/Ester Lubricating Base Oil

将α-C14烯烃先与马来酸酐进行无规共聚,再与季戊四醇进行酯化反应,制得一种新型的聚α-C14烯烃/酯类润滑基础油。采用红外光谱、核磁共振谱1H-NMR、热重分析仪、油品运动黏度测定仪、酸值测定仪对产物进行表征和性能测试。结果表明:随着马来酸酐用量增加,合成的基础油的运动黏度、热分解温度、酸值均先增大后减小,随着季戊四醇用量增加,合成的基础油的运动黏度、热分解温度先增大后减小,酸值逐渐降低;当马来酸酐与α-C14烯烃质量比为1∶5.14,季戊四醇占α-C14烯烃质量4.17%时,润滑基础油的黏度指数为114,酸值为0.082 mg/g(以KOH计),热分解温度大于249.3℃,40℃运动黏度为276.31 mm^2/s,100℃运动黏度为25.91 mm^2/s。因此,与AIP类润滑油相比,合成的基础油具有更好的低温流动性和耐高温稳定性,与传统的酯类润滑油相比具有较低的酸值,对器件腐蚀性较低。

A novel poly(α-C14 olefin)/ester lubricating base oil was prepared by random copolymerization of α-C14 olefin with maleic anhydride,followed by an esterification with pentaerythritol.The products were characterized and tested by infrared spectroscopy,1H-NMR,and the instrument of thermo gravimetric analysis,oil kinematic viscosity test and acid value measurement.The results show that the kinematic viscosity,thermal decomposition temperature and acid value of the prepared base oil are increased first and then decreased when the amount of maleic anhydride is increased,and the kinematic viscosity and thermal decomposition temperature are increased first and then decreased,and the acid value is gradually decreased as the amount of pentaerythritol is increased.When the mass ratio of maleic anhydride to α-C14 olefin is 1∶5.14 and pentaerythritol accounts for 4.17% of the mass of α-C14 olefin,the viscosity index of the lubricating base oil is 114 and the acid value is 0.082 mg/g;the thermal decomposition temperature is higher than 249.3℃;the kinematic viscosity is 276.31 mm^2/s at 40℃ and 25.91 mm^2/s at 100℃,respectively.Therefore,the prepared base oil has a better performance of low-temperature fluidity and high-temperature stability compared to the AIP-based lubricating oil,and it has a lower acid value and less corrosion to the device compared to conventional ester lubricating oils.