不同补灌方式对马铃薯生长特征及水分利用效率的影响

The Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Growth Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Potato

为明确滴灌、沟灌、畦灌等不同补灌方式对马铃薯生长特征及水分利用效率的影响,于2018年在甘肃定西地区进行马铃薯不同补灌技术大田试验,探讨马铃薯在滴灌、沟灌、畦灌补灌方式下,生育期内农田相对土壤含水率为60%~75%时,不同补灌方式对马铃薯生长特征及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明滴灌方式对马铃薯茎粗、株高、叶面积影响最大;沟灌方式马铃薯受叶片衰老、枯黄脱落等因素的影响小,且能使根系扎根较深,促进马铃薯根冠比的增长,还能增加根系的保水和吸水能力;沟灌方式显著提高了马铃薯的产量,但水分利用效率较滴灌方式低12.4%。在水资源许可区域,采用沟灌补灌方式,可增加马铃薯产量,采用滴灌补灌方式可提高水分利用效率。

In order to clarify the effects of drip irrigation,furrow irrigation,border irrigation and other irrigation methods on the growth characteristics and water use efficiency of potatoes,in 2018,a field experiment was conducted in the Dingxi region of Gansu Province on different irrigation techniques for potatoes to explore the use of drip irrigation,ditch irrigation,and border irrigation.Under the irrigation method,the effects of different irrigation methods on the growth characteristics and water use efficiency of potato during the fertility period when the relative soil water content of farmland was 60%to 75%.The results showed that drip irrigation had the greatest effect on potato stems,plant heights and leaf areas.Gully irrigation method potato is less affected by factors such as leaf aging,yellow dropoff,and can make the root system take root deeper,promote the growth of potato root crown ratio,and increase the water retention and water absorption ability of the root system;Gully irrigation improved potato yield significantly,but water use efficiency was 12.4%lower than drip irrigation.In the water resources permit area,the use of ditch irrigation can increase potato yield,and the use of drip irrigation can improve water use efficiency.